1167

Events

April 7 - Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of Milan, Lodi, Ferrara, Piacenza and Parma, against the German invading forces of Emperor Frederick I in Northern Italy. The League openly challenges Frederick's claim to power.
April 12 - King Charles VII is murdered at Visingsö by supporters of Canute I, who proclaims himself king of Sweden. However, Charles's half-brothers Boleslaw and Kol Sverkerson proclaim themselves rulers of Östergötland, in opposition to Canute, which leads to fights for the power in Sweden.
May 29 - Battle of Monte Porzio: The army of the Commune of Rome is defeated by German forces under Frederick I and the local princes; Alexander III leaves Rome. Frederick proceeds to Rome, where he is crowned by Antipope Paschal III for the second time. A sudden outbreak of pestilence kills many of his advisors and knights.
July 8 - Battle of Sirmium: Byzantine forces under General Andronikos Kontostephanos defeat the Hungarians at Sirmium. Emperor Manuel I consolidates his control over the western Balkans.
August - Frederick I claims imperial authority over Bohemia, Greater Poland and Hungary. He installs his 3-year-old son Frederick V as duke of Swabia, after Frederick's cousin, Frederick IV, dies of disease at Rome.

March 18 - Battle of Al-Babein: A second Zangid army under General Shirkuh and his nephew Saladin marches towards Egypt, but is met by the combined Crusader-Fatimid forces led by King Amalric of Jerusalem. After skirmishing down the Nile, the Crusaders are defeated near Giza and forced to retreat to Cairo.
May–June - Saladin leads the defence of Alexandria against the Crusader-Fatimid forces. He takes command over the garrison, and the army's sick and wounded.
August 4 - Amalric I accepts a peace treaty and enters Alexandria at the head of the Crusader army. Saladin and his troops are escorted out with full military honours, and retreats to Syria.
Probable date - Battle of Pantina: The Byzantines intervene on behalf of Grand Prince Tihomir of Serbia against his rebellious brother, Prince Stefan Nemanja, who defeats the Byzantine forces and becomes Grand Župan of Serbia.

Diarmaid mac Murchadha, former king of Leinster, returns to Ireland with an advance party of Flemings under Richard fitz Godbert de Roche.

King Henry II prohibits English students from attending the University of Paris; many settle at the University of Oxford.

Taira no Kiyomori becomes the first samurai to be appointed Daijo Daijin, chief minister of the government of Japan.

Absalon, Danish archbishop and statesman, leads the first synod at Lund. He is granted land around the city of "Havn" and fortifies the coastal defence against the Wends.