Anapidae
Anapidae is a family of rather small spiders with 233 described extant species in 59 genera. It includes the former family Micropholcommatidae as the subfamily Micropholcommatinae, and the former family Holarchaeidae. Most species are less than long.
They generally live in leaf litter and moss on the floor of rain forest. Many build orb webs with a diameter less than. In some species, such as Pseudanapis parocula, the pedipalps of the female are reduced to coxal stumps.
Description
Spiders of this family are very small, usually less than two millimeters long, and lack a cribellum. They can have zero, six or eight eyes, the rear median eyes either reduced or missing. One species: 'Epigastrina typhlops'. The labium has a spur that extends between the chelicerae and can be seen when the chelicerae are spread.Distribution
Anapidae are found worldwide, particularly in South America, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Few genera occur in North America or Europe. Only Comaroma simoni and the three species of Zangherella are found in Europe; Gertschanapis shantzi and Comaroma mendocino are found in the United States.Systematics
The family Micropholcommatidae was synonymized with this family by Schütt in 2003 and by Lopa et al. in 2011, a change that has been accepted by the World Spider Catalog. Similarly, the family Holarchaeidae was synonymized by Dimitrov et al. in 2017, and likewise accepted by the World Spider Catalog.Genera
, this family includes 59 genera and 233 species:Acrobleps Hickman, 1979 – TasmaniaAlgidiella Rix & Harvey, 2010 – New Zealand Anapis Simon, 1895 – Central America, South AmericaAnapisona Gertsch, 1941 – Central America, South AmericaAustropholcomma Rix & Harvey, 2010 – Western Australia, TasmaniaBorneanapis Snazell, 2009 – BorneoCaledanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – New CaledoniaChasmocephalon O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 – AustraliaComaroma Bertkau, 1889 – China, Europe, Japan, Korea, United StatesConculus Kishida, 1940 – AsiaCrassanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – Argentina, ChileCrozetulus Hickman, 1939 – Crozet Islands, Southern AfricaDippenaaria Wunderlich, 1995 – South AfricaElanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – ChileEnielkenie Ono, 2007 – TaiwanEperiella Rix & Harvey, 2010 – Tasmania, ChileEpigastrina Rix & Harvey, 2010 – TasmaniaEterosonycha Butler, 1932 – AustraliaForsteriola Brignoli, 1981 – Central AfricaGaiziapis Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 – ChinaGertschanapis Platnick & Forster, 1990 – United StatesGigiella Rix & Harvey, 2010 – Australia, ChileGuiniella Rix & Harvey, 2010 – New GuineaHickmanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – TasmaniaHolarchaea Forster, 1955 – Tasmania, New ZealandMandanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – New CaledoniaMaxanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – AustraliaMetanapis Brignoli, 1981 – Kenya, South Africa, Congo, NepalMicropholcomma Crosby & Bishop, 1927 – AustraliaMinanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – Argentina, Chile, ChinaMontanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – New CaledoniaNormplatnicka Rix & Harvey, 2010 – Australia, ChileNortanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – Australia Novanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – New ZealandOctanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – AustraliaOlgania Hickman, 1979 – Australia Paranapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – New ZealandPatelliella Rix & Harvey, 2010 – Lord Howe IslandPecanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – ChilePlectochetos Butler, 1932 – AustraliaPseudanapis Simon, 1905 – Asia, Oceania, Central America, South America. Introduced to Europe, Mauritius, RéunionPua Forster, 1959 – New ZealandQueenslanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – Australia Raveniella Rix & Harvey, 2010 – AustraliaRayforstia Rix & Harvey, 2010 – Australia, New ZealandRisdonius Hickman, 1939 – AustraliaSheranapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – ChileSinanapis Wunderlich & Song, 1995 – Southeast AsiaSofanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – ChileSpinanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – Australia Taliniella Rix & Harvey, 2010 – New ZealandTaphiassa Simon, 1880 – Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Sri LankaTasmanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – TasmaniaTeutoniella Brignoli, 1981 – Brazil, ChileTinytrella Rix & Harvey, 2010 – New ZealandTricellina Forster & Platnick, 1989 – ChileVictanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – Australia Zangherella Caporiacco, 1949 – Southern Europe, TunisiaZealanapis Platnick & Forster, 1989 – New ZealandThere are also genera only known as fossils, typically in Baltic amber: