Arctoidea

Arctoidea is an infraorder of mostly carnivorous mammals which include the extinct Hemicyonidae, and the extant Musteloidea, Pinnipedia, and Ursidae, found in all continents from the Eocene,, to the present. The oldest group of the clade is the bears, as their CMAH gene is still intact. The gene became non-functional in the common ancestor of the Mustelida. Arctoids are caniforms, along with dogs and extinct bear dogs.
The earliest caniforms were superficially similar to martens, which are tree-dwelling mustelids.
Together with feliforms, caniforms compose the order Carnivora; sometimes Arctoidea can be considered a separate suborder from Caniformia and a sister taxon to Feliformia.

Systematics

Arctoidea was named by Flower. It was reranked as the unranked clade Arctoidea by Hunt, Hunt and Hunt ; it was reranked as the infraorder Arctoidea by Koretsky, Zhai et al. and Labs Hochstein. It was assigned to Carnivora by Flower, Barnes, Barnes, Carroll, Barnes, Barnes, Hunt, Hunt and Hunt ; and to Caniformia by Tedford, Bryant, Wang and Tedford, Tedford et al., Koretsky, Zhai et al., Wang et al., Owen, Peigné et al. and Labs Hochstein.

Phylogeny

The cladogram is based on molecular phylogeny of six genes in Flynn, with the musteloids updated following the multigene analysis of Law et al..