Ariadna
Ariadna is a genus of tube-dwelling spider.
Distribution
Ariadna are found on all continents except Antarctica. About a third of the species are endemic to Australia. Fifteen described species are endemic to South Africa. Less than ten species are found in Europe and North America, respectively.Behavior
Spiders in this genus are nocturnal.Prey capture
The spiders are seen in the entrance of the tubes during the night with the tip of 6 legs visible on the rim of the tube. Prey movement is transmitted with vibrations to the spider from the radiating trip lines. The surprisingly swift reaction with which the spider strikes could be compared with that of a jack-in-the-box. The prey is seized and pulled instantly back into the tube. The double row of strong spines on the ventral surface of the front legs helps to grab and hold the prey. The third pair of legs directed forwards with legs I and II, help with the quick forward and backward movement of the spider in the tube. The entrance of the Ariadna tube has a small collar of very regular white silk.The trip lines have no adhesive elements and have only a signalling function.Description
The genus Ariadna comprises tube-web spiders with a body size ranging from 6-15 mm, with males similar in size to females. Body color varies from yellowish brown to reddish black to purplish black abdomens without patterns, or if patterns are present they consist of transverse bars. The carapace is longer than wide with the fovea appearing as a small depression and ranges from hirsute to glabrous.The species of this genus have six eyes arranged in two rows, all pale in colour and positioned close to the clypeal edge. Chelicerae are free, long and slender with small fangs and a cheliceral furrow with few teeth. Endites are longer than wide and well developed. The labium is much longer than wide with a well-developed serrula arranged in a single row.
The abdomen is longer than wide, cylindrical and hairy with short spinnerets and contiguous anterior spinnerets. Legs are three-clawed with the third pair of legs directed forwards along with legs I and II. Front legs have a double row of spines ventrally. The genitalia are haplogyne.
Taxonomy
The genus Ariadna was established by Audouin in 1826, with Ariadna insidiatrix Audouin, 1826 as the type species.Species
, this genus includes 147 species.These species have articles on Wikipedia:Ariadna barbigera Simon, 1905 – New Zealand Ariadna bellatoria Dalmas, 1917 – New ZealandAriadna bicolor – United States, MexicoAriadna bilineata Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna capensis Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna corticola Lawrence, 1952 – South AfricaAriadna dentigera Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna gryllotalpa – South AfricaAriadna hottentotta Purcell, 1908 – South AfricaAriadna inops Wunderlich, 2011 – Portugal, SpainAriadna insularis Purcell, 1908 – Namibia, South AfricaAriadna jubata Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna karrooica Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna kolbei Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna lightfooti Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna oreades Simon, 1906 – Sri LankaAriadna scabripes Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna segestrioides Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna septemcincta – New ZealandAriadna similis Purcell, 1908 – South AfricaAriadna taprobanica Simon, 1906 – Sri LankaAriadna umtalica Purcell, 1904 – Botswana, Zimbabwe, South AfricaAriadna ustulata Simon, 1898 – SeychellesAriadna abbreviata Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna abrilae Grismado, 2008 – ChileAriadna algarvensis Wunderlich, 2011 – PortugalAriadna alta Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna amabilia Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna amandahorta Wunderlich, 2024 – PortugalAriadna araucana Grismado, 2008 – ChileAriadna arenacea Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna arthuri Petrunkevitch, 1926 – United States, CaribbeanAriadna aurea Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – BrazilAriadna barbigera Simon, 1905 – New Zealand Ariadna bellatoria Dalmas, 1917 – New ZealandAriadna bellatula Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna bicolor – United States, MexicoAriadna bilineata Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna boesenbergi Keyserling, 1877 – Brazil, Uruguay, ArgentinaAriadna boliviana Simon, 1907 – Bolivia, Suriname, Brazil, ParaguayAriadna brevispina Caporiacco, 1947 – TanzaniaAriadna brignolii Wunderlich, 2011 – ItalyAriadna burchelli – Australia Ariadna caerulea Keyserling, 1877 – Colombia, EcuadorAriadna calilegua Grismado, 2008 – ArgentinaAriadna canariensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Canary IslandsAriadna caparao Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – BrazilAriadna capensis Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna cephalotes Simon, 1907 – Peru, Bolivia, ArgentinaAriadna changellkuk Grismado, 2008 – ChileAriadna chayu Wang & Zhang, 2022 – ChinaAriadna chhotae Siliwal & Yadav, 2017 – IndiaAriadna clavata Marsh, Baehr, Glatz & Framenau, 2018 – Australia Ariadna comata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 – MexicoAriadna corticola Lawrence, 1952 – South AfricaAriadna crassipalpus – BrazilAriadna crypticola Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna curvata Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna cyprusensis Wunderlich, 2011 – Cyprus, Greece Ariadna daweiensis Yin, Xu & Bao, 2002 – ChinaAriadna decatetracantha Main, 1954 – Australia Ariadna dentigera Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna deserta Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna dissimilis Berland, 1924 – New CaledoniaAriadna diucrura Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna dysderina L. Koch, 1873 – Australia Ariadna elaphros Wang, 1993 – ChinaAriadna europaensis Wunderlich, 2011 – ItalyAriadna exuviaque Wunderlich, 2011 – Spain Ariadna ferrogrisea Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna flavescens Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna formosa Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna fragilis Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna gallica Wunderlich, 2012 – FranceAriadna gaucha Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – BrazilAriadna gonzo Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna gryllotalpa – South AfricaAriadna hottentotta Purcell, 1908 – South AfricaAriadna inflata Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna inops Wunderlich, 2011 – Portugal, SpainAriadna insidiatrix Audouin, 1826 – Mediterranean Ariadna insula Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna insularis Purcell, 1908 – Namibia, South AfricaAriadna insulicola Yaginuma, 1967 – China, Korea, JapanAriadna ionica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 – GreeceAriadna ipojuca Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – BrazilAriadna isthmica Beatty, 1970 – Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, BrazilAriadna javana Kulczyński, 1911 – Indonesia Ariadna jiuzhaigou Wang & Zhang, 2022 – ChinaAriadna jubata Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna karrooica Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910 – TanzaniaAriadna kisanganensis Benoit, 1974 – DR CongoAriadna kiwirrkurra Baehr & Whyte, 2016 – Australia Ariadna kolbei Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna laeta Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon, São Tomé and PríncipeAriadna lalen Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – ChileAriadna lateralis Karsch, 1881 – China, Korea, Taiwan, JapanAriadna lebronneci Berland, 1933 – Marquesas IslandsAriadna lemosi Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – BrazilAriadna levii Grismado, 2008 – ChileAriadna levyi Wunderlich, 2011 – IsraelAriadna lightfooti Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna maderiana Warburton, 1892 – Madeira, SalvagesAriadna major Hickman, 1929 – Australia Ariadna maroccana Wunderlich, 2011 – MoroccoAriadna masculina Lawrence, 1928 – NamibiaAriadna maxima – Chile, Argentina, Juan Fernandez IslandsAriadna mbalensis Lessert, 1933 – AngolaAriadna meruensis Tullgren, 1910 – TanzaniaAriadna mollis – Brazil, Uruguay, ArgentinaAriadna molur Siliwal & Yadav, 2017 – IndiaAriadna montana Rainbow, 1920 – Australia Ariadna monticola Thorell, 1897 – MyanmarAriadna motumotirohiva Giroti, Cotoras, Lazo & Brescovit, 2020 – ChileAriadna multispinosa Bryant, 1948 – Dominican Rep.Ariadna muscosa Hickman, 1929 – Australia Ariadna natalis Pocock, 1900 – Australia Ariadna nebulosa Simon, 1906 – IndiaAriadna neocaledonica Berland, 1924 – New CaledoniaAriadna obscura – Peru, BrazilAriadna octospinata – Australia Ariadna oreades Simon, 1906 – Sri LankaAriadna orientalis Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – JapanAriadna otwayensis Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna papuana Kulczyński, 1911 – Indonesia Ariadna pectinella Strand, 1913 – DR CongoAriadna pelios Wang, 1993 – ChinaAriadna perkinsi Simon, 1900 – HawaiiAriadna phantasma Marsh, Hudson & Framenau, 2021 – Australia Ariadna pilifera O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 – United States, MexicoAriadna pollex Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna propria Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna pulchripes Purcell, 1908 – NamibiaAriadna rapinatrix Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon, São Tomé and PríncipeAriadna reginae Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Costa RicaAriadna rutila Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna ruwenzorica Strand, 1913 – DR CongoAriadna sansibarica Strand, 1907 – Tanzania Ariadna scabripes Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna segestrioides Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaAriadna segmentata Simon, 1893 – Australia Ariadna septemcincta – New ZealandAriadna similis Purcell, 1908 – South AfricaAriadna simplex Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna sinuosa Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna snellemanni – Indonesia, PhilippinesAriadna spinosa Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna subnubila Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna subplana Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna tangara Marsh, Baehr, Glatz & Framenau, 2018 – Australia Ariadna taprobanica Simon, 1906 – Sri LankaAriadna tarsalis Banks, 1902 – Peru, Ecador, GalapagosAriadna thylacinus Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna thyrianthina Simon, 1908 – Australia Ariadna tigrina Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna tovarensis Simon, 1893 – VenezuelaAriadna tria Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna ubajara Giroti & Brescovit, 2018 – BrazilAriadna umbra Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna umtalica Purcell, 1904 – Botswana, Zimbabwe, South AfricaAriadna una Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna uncinata Tang, Li & Yang, 2019 – ChinaAriadna ungua Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna ustulata Simon, 1898 – SeychellesAriadna valida Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna vansda Siliwal, Yadav & Kumar, 2017 – IndiaAriadna weaveri Beatty, 1970 – MexicoAriadna woinarskii Marsh, Stevens, Bradford & Framenau, 2022 – Australia Ariadna yintiaoling Wang & Zhang, 2022 – China