Clathria
Clathria is a large genus of demosponges in the family Microcionidae.
Taxonomy
Clathria was first formally named in Eduard Oscar Schmidt's 1862 Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. The type species is Clathria (Clathria) compressa.The genus is divided into several subgenera:Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893
- Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862Clathria (Cornulotrocha) Hallmann, 1920Clathria (Dendrocia) Topsent, 1927Clathria (Isociella) Hallmann, 1920Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank, 1862Clathria (Paresperia) Burton, 1930Clathria (Thalysias) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864Clathria (Wilsonella) Carter, 1885
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Clathria:;Subgenus Axosuberites Topsent, 1893Clathria aurantia Annunziata, Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019Clathria benguelaensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005Clathria canaliculata Clathria cylindrica Clathria fauroti Clathria flabellata Clathria fromontae Hooper, 1996Clathria georgiaensis Hooper, 1996Clathria hillenburgi Annunziata, Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019Clathria lambei Clathria macrotoxa Clathria marplatensis Clathria multitoxaformis Clathria nidificata Clathria pachyaxia Clathria papillata Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria parva Lévi, 1963Clathria patula Clathria ramea Clathria retamalesi Fernandez, Bravo-Gómez, Cárdenas & Hajdu, 2020Clathria riosae Van Soest, 2017Clathria rosita Goodwin, Brewin & Brickle, 2012Clathria thetidis
;Subgenus Clathria Schmidt, 1862Clathria acanthostyli Clathria acanthotoxa Clathria angulifera Dendy, 1896Clathria anthoides Lévi, 1993Clathria antyaja Clathria arbuscula Clathria arcifera Clathria arcuophora Whitelegge, 1907Clathria arroyoi Uriz, 1984Clathria asodes Clathria axociona Lévi, 1963Clathria barleei Clathria basilana Lévi, 1961Clathria bergquistae Van Soest & Hooper, 2020Clathria biclathrata Hooper in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994Clathria borealis Hooper, 1996Clathria bulbosa Hooper & Lévi, 1993Clathria burtoni Cuartas, 1995Clathria caelata Hallmann, 1912Clathria calopora Whitelegge, 1907Clathria calypso Boury-Esnault, 1973Clathria carteri Topsent, 1889Clathria chelifera Clathria (Clathria) compressa Schmidt, 1862Clathria conectens Clathria conica Lévi, 1963Clathria contorta Clathria coralloides Clathria crassa Clathria dayi Lévi, 1963Clathria decumbens Ridley, 1884Clathria depressa Sarà & Melone, 1966Clathria discreta Clathria echinonematissima Clathria elastica Lévi, 1963Clathria elegans Vosmaer, 1880Clathria faviformis Lehnert & van Soest, 1996Clathria flo Payne, Samaai & Gibbons, 2025Clathria foliacea Topsent, 1889Clathria foliascens Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971Clathria frondiculata Clathria gageoensis Kim & Sim, 2005Clathria gimnyeoungenesis Kim & Sim, 2008Clathria gombawuiensis Kim & Sim, 2005Clathria gomezae Van Soest, 2017Clathria gorgonioides Clathria hexagonopora Lévi, 1963Clathria hispidula Clathria hjorti Clathria hongdoensis Kim & Sim, 2006Clathria horrida Clathria ieoensis Kang & Kim, 2018Clathria inanchorata Ridley & Dendy, 1886Clathria indica Dendy, 1889Clathria inhacensis Thomas, 1979Clathria intermedia Kirk, 1911Clathria irregularis Clathria juncea Burton, 1931Clathria jungtaedoensis Kim & Sim, 2007Clathria koreana Sim & Lee, 1998Clathria kylista Hooper & Lévi, 1993Clathria laevigata Lambe, 1893Clathria lipochela Burton, 1932Clathria lissosclera Bergquist & Fromont, 1988Clathria lobata Vosmaer, 1880Clathria macroisochela Lévi, 1993Clathria maeandrina Ridley, 1884Clathria marissuperi Pulitzer-Finali, 1983Clathria menoui Hooper & Lévi, 1993Clathria meyeri Clathria microchela Clathria microxa Desqueyroux, 1972Clathria mortenseni Clathria mosulpia Sim & Byeon, 1989Clathria multiformis Samaai, Pillay & Janson, 2019Clathria multipes Hallmann, 1912Clathria murphyi Hooper, 1996Clathria nicoleae Vieira de Barros, Santos & Pinheiro, 2013Clathria noarlungae Hooper, 1996Clathria obliqua Clathria oculata Burton, 1933Clathria omegiensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005Clathria oxyphila Clathria pachystyla Lévi, 1963Clathria papillosa Thiele, 1905Clathria partita Hallmann, 1912Clathria paucispicula Clathria pauper Brøndsted, 1927Clathria pellicula Whitelegge, 1897Clathria perforata Clathria piniformis Clathria plurityla Pulitzer-Finali, 1983Clathria priestleyae Goodwin, Berman & Hendry, 2019Clathria productitoxa Clathria prolifera Clathria pyramidalis Clathria ramsayiensis Samaai, Pillay & Janson, 2019Clathria ramus Kang & Kim, 2018Clathria raphanus Clathria rectangulosa Schmidt, 1870Clathria reticularis Kim & Sim, 2008Clathria rhaphidotoxa Stephens, 1915Clathria rubens Clathria sarai Hooper, 1996Clathria saraspinifera Hooper, 1996Clathria sartaginula Clathria shirahama Tanita, 1977Clathria sohuksanensis Kim & Sim, 2006Clathria spinispicula Tanita, 1968Clathria spongodes Dendy, 1922Clathria squalorum Wiedenmayer in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994Clathria striata Whitelegge, 1907Clathria stromnessa Goodwin, Brewin & Brickle, 2012Clathria surculosa Clathria terraenovae Dendy, 1924Clathria tortuosa Uriz, 1988Clathria toxipraedita Topsent, 1913Clathria toxistricta Topsent, 1925Clathria toxistyla Clathria toxivaria Clathria transiens Hallmann, 1912Clathria typica sensu Kirkpatrick, 1903Clathria ulmus Vosmaer, 1880Clathria unica Cuartas, 1992Clathria unoriginalis Turner & Lonhart, 2023Clathria vasiformis Clathria whiteleggii Dendy, 1922Clathria wilsoni Wiedenmayer, 1989Clathria zoanthifera Lévi, 1963
;Subgenus Cornulotrocha Topsent, 1927Clathria cheliglomerata Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria cheliradians Clathria polita Clathria rosetafiordica Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Willenz, 2006
;Subgenus Dendrocia Hallmann, 1920Clathria curvichela Clathria dura Whitelegge, 1901Clathria elegantula Ridley & Dendy, 1886Clathria imperfecta Dendy, 1896Clathria myxilloides Dendy, 1896Clathria pyramida Lendenfeld, 1888Clathria scabida Clathria tuberculata
;Subgenus Isociella Hallmann, 1920Clathria eccentrica Clathria incrustans Bergquist, 1961Clathria macropora Lendenfeld, 1888Clathria oudekraalensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005Clathria selachia Hooper, 1996Clathria skia Hooper, 1996
;Subgenus Microciona Bowerbank, 1862Clathria acarnoides Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014Clathria aceratoobtusa Clathria achelata Sandes & Pinheiro, 2016Clathria aculeofila Aguirre, Hooker, Willenz & Hajdu, 2011Clathria adioristica Clathria affinis Clathria africana Clathria anancora Clathria angularis Clathria anonyma Clathria antarctica Clathria aquaradiata Ott, McDaniel & Humphrey, 2024Clathria armata Clathria ascendens Clathria ascensionis Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria assimilis Topsent, 1925Clathria atoxa Topsent, 1928Clathria atrasanguinea Clathria aurea Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria basifixa Clathria bicleistochelifera Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria bitoxa Clathria boavistae Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria brepha Clathria bulboretorta Clathria bulbotoxa van Soest, 1984Clathria calla Clathria calloides Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria campecheae Hooper, 1996Clathria cancapseptima Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria capverdensis Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria cheeki Goodwin, Jones, Neely & Brickle, 2016Clathria claudei Hooper, 1996Clathria cleistochela Topsent, 1925Clathria coccinea Clathria conchicola Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria crassitoxa Santos & Pinheiro, 2014Clathria ctenichela Clathria danielae Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019Clathria dendyi Clathria densa Clathria dianae Clathria ditoxa Clathria duplex Sarà, 1958Clathria echinata Clathria elliptichela Clathria fallax Clathria ferrea Clathria frogeti Clathria gorgadensis Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria gradalis Topsent, 1925Clathria grisea Clathria haematodes Clathria haplotoxa Clathria hentscheli Hooper, 1996Clathria heterotoxa Clathria hymedesmioides van Soest, 1984Clathria illawarrae Hooper, 1996Clathria ixauda Clathria laevis Clathria lajorei Clathria larae Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019Clathria leighensis Hooper, 1996Clathria levii Clathria lizardensis Hooper, 1996Clathria longistyla Clathria macrochela Clathria matthewsi Goodwin, Brewin & Brickle, 2012Clathria microjoanna Clathria micronesia Clathria microxea Clathria mima Clathria moraesi Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019Clathria mytilifila Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu & Willenz, 2013Clathria namibiensis Clathria nisiae Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2019Clathria normani Clathria novaezealandiae Clathria osismica Clathria parthena Clathria pennata Clathria plinthina Clathria poecilosclera Clathria primitiva Clathria rarispinosa Clathria rhopalophora Clathria richmondi Hooper, Kelly & Kennedy, 2000Clathria rumsena Turner & Lonhart, 2023Clathria saoensis Gastaldi, De Paula, Narvarte, Lôbo-Hajdu & Hajdu, 2018Clathria scotti Clathria sigmoidea Clathria simae Hooper, 1996Clathria similis Clathria sinyangensis Kim & Sim, 2009Clathria snelliusae Van Soest, 2017Clathria spinarcus Clathria spinatoxa Clathria spinosa Clathria spongigartina Clathria stellata Sim-Smith, Hickman & Kelly, 2021Clathria stephensae Hooper, 1996Clathria strepsitoxa Clathria tenebrosa Goodwin, Jones, Neely & Brickle, 2016Clathria tenuis Clathria tenuissima Clathria tetrastyla Clathria thielei Clathria toximajor Topsent, 1925Clathria toxirecta Clathria toxitenuis Topsent, 1925Clathria trairae Santos & Pinheiro, 2014Clathria tunisiae Hooper, 1996Clathria vacelettia Hooper, 1996
;Subgenus Paresperia Burton, 1930Clathria anchorata
;Subgenus Thalysias Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864Clathria abietina Clathria amabilis Clathria amirantiensis Hooper, 1996Clathria anomala Clathria aphylla Hooper, 1996Clathria araiosa Hooper & Lévi, 1993Clathria arborescens Clathria arteria Clathria aruensis Clathria basiarenacea Clathria bitoxifera Clathria cactiformis Clathria calochela Clathria cancellaria Clathria cervicornis Clathria chelosigmoidea Zea, Rodriguez & Martinez, 2014Clathria collosclera van Soest, 2009Clathria complanata Van Soest, 2017Clathria coppingeri Ridley, 1884Clathria coralliophila Clathria coriocrassus Clathria corneolia Hooper & Lévi, 1993Clathria costifera Hallmann, 1912Clathria craspedia Hooper, 1996Clathria cratitia Clathria cullingworthi Burton, 1931Clathria curacaoensis Arndt, 1927Clathria darwinensis Hooper, 1996Clathria delaubenfelsi Clathria distincta Clathria dubia Clathria encrusta Kumar, 1925Clathria erecta Clathria eurypa Clathria fascicularis Topsent, 1889Clathria fasciculata Wilson, 1925Clathria filifera Clathria flabellifera Hooper & Lévi, 1993Clathria fusterna Hooper, 1996Clathria hallmanni Hooper, 1996Clathria hermicola van Soest, Kaiser & Van Syoc, 2011Clathria hesperia Hooper, 1996Clathria hirsuta Hooper & Lévi, 1993Clathria hooperi Samaai & Gibbons, 2005Clathria isodictyoides Clathria jolicoeuri Clathria juniperina Clathria kieschnicki Hooper in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994Clathria kilauea Clathria koltuni Hooper in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994Clathria lambda Clathria lematolae Hooper, 1996Clathria lendenfeldi Ridley & Dendy, 1886Clathria linda Clathria lissoclada Clathria longitoxa Clathria major Hentschel, 1912Clathria maunaloa Clathria mauriceburtoni Van Soest & Hooper, 2020Clathria membranacea Clathria michaelseni Clathria micropunctata Clathria minuta Clathria minutoides Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria mutabilis Clathria naikaiensis Clathria nervosa Clathria nuda Hentschel, 1912
- †Clathria ongulensis Clathria opalina Zea, Rodriguez & Martinez, 2014Clathria orientalis Clathria originalis Clathria oxeota Clathria oxitoxa Lévi, 1963Clathria phorbasiformis Hooper, 1996Clathria placenta Clathria procera Clathria ramosa Clathria reinwardti Vosmaer, 1880Clathria repens Galindo, Hooper & Pinheiro, 2014Clathria ridleyi Clathria robusta Clathria rubispina Clathria rubra Clathria spinifera Clathria styloprothesis Hooper, 1996Clathria sulfocleistochela Zea, Rodriguez & Martinez, 2014Clathria tingens Hooper, 1996Clathria topsenti Clathria toxifera Clathria vacata Van Soest, Beglinger & De Voogd, 2013Clathria venosa Clathria virgultosa Clathria vulpina Clathria wesselensis Hooper, 1996Clathria zeai Van Soest, 2017
;Subgenus unassignedClathria compressa Clathria dichela sensu Vacelet, Vasseur & Lévi, 1976Clathria frondosa Clathria granulata
- ''Clathria schmitti''