Shizuo Fukui


Shizuo Fukui was a Japanese author, photographer, editor, and Imperial Japanese Naval and Japanese Coast Guard Major technician, most famous for his comprehensive books of all combatant vessels and minor miscellaneous vessels in the Japanese Navy during World War II and postwar Japan. His third son Takeo Fukui was President of Honda R&D and Honda.

Life

Shizuo was born on 25 October 1913 in Yokohama, Tokyo Prefecture and studied shipbuilding in the Department of Marine Engineering at the Imperial University of Tokyo, graduating in 1938. From August 1941 he served on the staff of the Naval Technical Research Institute. He was then sent to Singapore working at 第101 工作 部 at Seletar Naval Base, repairing ships and sweeping mines, most notably overseeing the repair of the destroyer Amatsukaze which had lost its bridge and front two boiler rooms by a torpedo.
He would be promoted to Captain in 1940, then Major in 1944.
He then moved in 1945 to the Shipbuilding Department of Kure, Hiroshima, then to Sigmaringen as an envoy to the Vichy France government-in-exile and then to Toyama, where he served as inspector first of just the structure of the ships, and then the naval technical office in general, and where he was when Japan surrendered
In 1948 he would work as a technical officer for the Japanese Coast Guard before retiring in 1952.

Historical Research Committee

At the end of the war, many official photographs taken by the Navy and drawings were strictly managed and incinerated, but Minister of the Navy Mitsumasa Umeuchi fought for the right to form a Historical Department in the Navy with Military Governor Douglas MacArthur, who ultimately agreed to allow the compiling of naval histories in a research project to collect, research, and analyse technical materials with a stipend of ¥500,000. Shizuo Fukui, along with hundreds of other personnel, were nominated to complete it. However, on 9 March 1946, after the first research paper was just finished, it was reformed into a licensed corporation under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, which would eventually lead to its collapse in the 1970s.
Meanwhile, MacArthur's demobilisation efforts got more and more compounded, and the Historical Research Committee would face severe budgetary issues, with Kazushige Todaka describing that while the collection of historical materials was successful, many were in a state of death because they were not supported by the budget.
Dejected, Shizuo would rejoin the military, retiring in 1952.

Warship Research

After his retirement from the Coast Guard he began to compile a massive volume of photographs, combining those from his earliest days with those when he was serving, those from his friends and those from the Historical Research Committee which would be published posthumously in 2005, and issued 7 reports from 1954 to 1958 collectively titled "海軍造船技術概要", or "An overview of the shipbuilding of the Japanese Navy". He would work with more individuals on even grander projects, such as the book "The Development of Japanese Warships: The Transitioning of Technology and Ships" in 1956, the Showa Warship General History series in 1961, and "An Overview of Shipbuilding Technology" with Shigeru Makino in 1987.
After this he published many more articles relating to former ships and the history of the Japanese Navy, such as about the Daifuku Ryumaru which quickly became renowned throughout Japan. He became Director of Historical Materials Research at Naval Academy Etajima in 1960, where he focused on Yamato-class battleships and had Todaka officially become his subordinate.
As he got older his friends Kyoshi Nagamura and Yoshiyuri Amashi, who also collected ship photographs from their tenures in the Navy both died, allowing Shizuo to use their collections to greater bolster his photobooks; however eventually his age caught up with him as well. He became paralysed, and asked Todaka, his younger of 35 years to donate his works to the Yamato Museum post-mortem. When he died on 4 November 1993 aged 80, his family, along with Todaka, honoured his wish donating his enormous inventory of immeasurable historical and cultural value in 400-500 cardboard boxes.

Criticism

Shizuo was criticised over the years by his peers for possibly covering up information allowing other aspiring photographers to access the documents, exaggerating how much of a collection he actually had, and even falsifying photographs. For example, in 1958 he claimed he had 10,000 photographs, and by the time of his death amassing 20,000. However, Shizuo refused to provide the Japanese magazine Ships of the World any documents or photographs backing up the claim, leading to scathing articles by critics Toshio Tamura and Akira Endo in the readers' post section appearing from 1979 to 1981.
They mainly criticised and cast doubt on the legitimacy of some of the photographs, chief among them a photograph of the Japanese cruiser Ōyodo, which was accused of being either falsified or stolen, as there are still no historical records to this date of the actual author. In addition to the claim, made in August 1979, a "大和創世記" or "Yamato Revelation" was declared, casting doubt on some of Shizuo's photographs of the Yamato-class battleship in the November issue. In turn, Shizuo called for the firing of Tamura and Endo in 1980, escalating into the "Tamura-Endo Writing Scandal", only resolved in the June 1981 edition.
In it, Shizuo was found mostly innocent as it was discovered Endo too kept the official drawing of a destroyer to himself, and that Shizuo wrote in 1958 his plans to donate "dozens or hundreds of separate volumes" of his photos in an area "meaning that anyone can easily obtain ". Endo was officially denounced by Ships of the World, and temporarily banned from writing new articles. However, after Shizuo died, his promise was mostly unfulfilled, as despite his writings in 1958, he donated nothing to the National Diet Library, and nothing to the National Institute for Defense Studies. As a result, whether his criticism was valid is still unknown. The final magazine issue publicly criticising Shizuo was in 1996 by educators and researchers through Gakken.

Selected Works

Books