Hisonotus


Hisonotus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. Species of Hisonotus and Curculionichthys are the only representatives of the subfamily Otothyrinae having serrae on the posterior edge of the pectoral fin spine. These species are small fishes, generally found in small fast flowing streams, where they grasp to the branches and leaves of aquatic or subaquatic plants. The species of this genus mostly occur in Atlantic coastal streams of southern Brazil and the Paraguay-Paraná system of
southern South America. They are also distributed in the Río de La Plata basin and coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil.

Taxonomy

Hisonotus and Microlepidogaster have, until recently, been considered as synonymous, although they are now recognized as separate and valid taxa. In the most recent phylogenetic hypotheses, both Hisonotus and Parotocinclus are relatively basal taxa within the Otothyrini clade.

Species

There are currently 31 recognized species in this genus:Hisonotus aky Hisonotus alberti Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, Waltz & J. E. García-Melo, 2016Hisonotus armatus T. P. Carvalho, Lehmann A., E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2008 Hisonotus bocaiuva Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2013Hisonotus brunneus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011Hisonotus carreiro T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011Hisonotus charrua Almirón, Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Litz, 2006Hisonotus depressicauda Hisonotus depressinotus Hisonotus devidei Hisonotus francirochai Hisonotus heterogaster T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011Hisonotus hungy Azpelicueta, Almirón, Casciotta & Koerber, 2007Hisonotus iota T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009Hisonotus laevior Cope, 1894Hisonotus leucofrenatus Hisonotus leucophrys T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009Hisonotus maculipinnis Hisonotus megaloplax T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009Hisonotus montanus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009Hisonotus nigricauda Hisonotus notatus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889Hisonotus notopagos T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011Hisonotus pachysarkos Zawadzki, Roxo & da Graça, 2016Hisonotus paulinus Hisonotus prata T.P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011Hisonotus ringueleti Aquino, Schaefer & Miquelarena, 2001Hisonotus taimensis Hisonotus thayeri Martins & Langeani, 2016Hisonotus vespuccii Roxo, G. S. C. Silva & C. de Oliveira, 2015Hisonotus vireo T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011