Sciaphila
Sciaphila is a genus of mycoheterotrophic plants in the family Triuridaceae. These plants receive nutrition from fungi and neighboring trees and have less need for photosynthesis. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, found in Africa, China, Japan, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Latin America and on various islands Pacific Islands. The most noteworthy feature of the genus is the number of the various flower parts 99.9 percent of Monocots are trimerous, but Sciaphila spp. can have eight or even ten parts in a whorl.
Species
Many species names have been proposed, including some for taxa now transferred to other genera. The following are accepted as member of Sciaphila:Sciaphila africana A.Chev. - Ghana, Ivory Coast, Congo-Brazzaville,Sciaphila albescens Benth. - Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, the GuianasSciaphila aneitensis Hemsl. - Vanuatu, Futuna, NiueSciaphila arcuata Aver. - VietnamSciaphila arfakiana Becc. - Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Micronesia, Fiji, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon IslandsSciaphila consimilis Blume - Taiwan, PhilippinesSciaphila corallophyton K.Schum. & Schltr. in K.M.Schumann & C.A.G.Lauterbach - Pohnpei, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Bismarck ArchipelagoSciaphila corniculata Becc. - Maluku, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon IslandsSciaphila corymbosa Benth. - Brazil, ColombiaSciaphila densiflora Schltr. - Borneo, Lesser Sunda Islands, Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia, MalukuSciaphila janthina Thwaites - Sri Lanka, southern IndiaSciaphila japonica Makino - JapanSciaphila jianfenglingensis Han Xu, Y.D.Li & H.Q.Chen - HainanSciaphila khasiana Benth. & Hook.f. - AssamSciaphila lambirensis Suetsugu - SarawakSciaphila ledermannii Engl. - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and PríncipeSciaphila micranthera Giesen in H.G.A.Engler - BorneoSciaphila multiflora Giesen in H.G.A.Engler - Ryukyu Islands, Caroline Islands, Mindanao, New GuineaSciaphila nana Blume - Jeju-do Island, Ryukyu Islands, Volcano Islands, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Java, SumatraSciaphila oligantha Maas - State of Amazonas in BrazilSciaphila papillosa Becc - New GuineaSciaphila picta Miers - Yucatán Peninsula, Central America, Colombia, VenezuelaSciaphila polygyna Maas - Colombia, French GuianaSciaphila purpurea Benth. - Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Sciaphila quadribullifera J.J.Sm. - New GuineaSciaphila ramosa Fukuy. & T.Suzuki - Hong Kong, Taiwan, Bonin IslandsSciaphila rubra Maas - Brazil, VenezuelaSciaphila schwackeana Johow - BrazilSciaphila secundiflora Thwaites ex Benth. - China, Japan, Bonin Islands, Philippines, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, Sri LankaSciaphila stellata Aver. - Guangxi, VietnamSciaphila sugimotoi Suetsugu & T.Nishioka - JapanSciaphila tenella Blume - Sri Lanka, Kyushu, southern China, Thailand, Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon IslandsSciaphila thaidanica K.Larsen - ThailandSciaphila wariana Meerend - Papua New GuineaSciaphila winkleri Schltr. - Borneo, New GuineaSciaphila yakushimensis Suetsugu - Yakushima