Limosilactobacillus
Limosilactobacillus is a thermophilic and heterofermentative genus of lactic acid bacteria created in 2020 by splitting from Lactobacillus. The name is derived from the Latin limosus "slimy", referring to the property of most strains in the genus to produce exopolysaccharides from sucrose. The genus currently includes 31 species or subspecies, most of these were isolated from the intestinal tract of humans or animals. Limosilactobacillus reuteri has been used as a model organism to evaluate the host-adaptation of lactobacilli to the human and animal intestine and for the recruitment of intestinal lactobacilli for food fermentations. Limosilactobacillus fermentum is an exception as this species is not considered host adapted but nomadic Lm. reuteri, Limosilactobacillus pontis and other limosilactobacilli occur frequently in back-slopped cereal fermentations while Lm. fermentum reliably occurs in spontaneous cereal fermentations. Lm. reuteri and Lm. fermentum also have been successfully applied as probiotics
Limosilactobacilli are heterofermentative and produce lactate, CO2, and acetate or ethanol from glucose; several limosilactobacilli, particularly strains of Lm. reuteri convert glycerol or 1,2-propanediol to 1,3 propanediol or propanol, respectively. Most strains do not grow in presence of oxygen, or in de Man, Rogosa Sharpe medium, the standard medium for cultivation of lactobacilli. Addition of maltose, cysteine and fructose to MRS is usually sufficient for cultivation of limosilactobacilli although some species, e.g. Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus, require special cultivation media.
Species
The genus Limosilactobacillus comprises the following species:Limosilactobacillus agrestis Li et al. 2021Limosilactobacillus albertensis Li et al. 2021Limosilactobacillus alvi Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus antri Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus balticus Li et al. 2021Limosilactobacillus caviae Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus coleohominis Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus fastidiosus Li et al. 2021Limosilactobacillus fermentum Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus frumenti Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus gastricus Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus gorillae Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus ingluviei Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus mucosae Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus oris Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus panis Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus pontis Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus portuensis Ksiezarek et al. 2021Limosilactobacillus reuteri Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus rudii Li et al. 2021Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus Zheng et al. 2020Limosilactobacillus urinaemulieris Ksiezarek et al. 2021Limosilactobacillus vaginalis Zheng et al. 2020The following species are effectively but not validly described:
Limosilactobacillus walteri
Limosilactobacillus allomucosae