List of environmental issues

Environmental issues are harmful aspects of human activity on the biophysical environment. This alphabetical list is loosely divided into causes, effects and mitigation, noting that effects are interconnected and can cause new effects.

Issues

Greenhouse gas emissions — Coal-fired power station • Carbon dioxide • Methane • Fluorinated gasesHuman population — Biocapacity • climate change • Carrying capacity • Exploitation • Industrialisation • I = PAT • Land degradation • Land reclamation • Optimum population • Overshoot (population) • Population density • Population dynamics • Population growth • Projections of population growth • Total fertility rate • Urbanization • Waste • Water conflict • Water scarcity • OverdraftingHydrology — Environmental impacts of reservoirs • Tile drainage • Hydrology (agriculture) • Flooding • Landslide Intensive farming — Agricultural subsidy • Barn fires • Environmental effects of meat production • Intensive animal farming • Intensive crop farming • Irrigation • Monoculture • Nutrient pollution • Overgrazing • Pesticide drift • Plasticulture • Slash-and-burn • Tile drainage • ZoonosisLand use — Built environment • Desertification • Habitat fragmentation • Habitat destruction • Land degradation • Land pollution • Lawn-environmental concerns • Trail ethics • Urban heat island • Urban sprawlNanotechnology — Impact of nanotechnologyNatural disasters avalanches, droughts, earthquakes, floods, heat waves, landslides, tropical cyclones, volcanic activityNuclear issues — Nuclear fallout • Nuclear meltdown • Nuclear power • Nuclear weapons • Nuclear and radiation accidents • Nuclear safety • High-level radioactive waste management Ocean trash — Garbage patch • Ghost net • Washed Ashore

'''Water pollution'''

Effects

Mitigation

Mitigation of aviation's environmental impact – Aviation taxation and subsidies • Electric aircraft • High-speed railConservation

* Ecosystems — Anoxic waters • Biodiversity • Biosecurity • Coral bleaching • Black carbon • Edge effect • Habitat destruction • Organic farming • Habitat fragmentation • In-situ leach
* Fishing — Blast fishing • Bottom trawling • By-catch • Cetacean bycatch • Gillnetting • Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing • Environmental effects of fishing • Marine pollution • Overfishing • Whaling
* Forests — Clearcutting • Deforestation • reforestation and afforestation • Illegal logging • Trail ethics
* Natural resources — Resource depletion • Exploitation of natural resources • Steady-state economy • Waste hierarchy
* Species — Endangered species • Genetic diversity • Habitat destruction • Holocene extinction • Invasive species • Poaching • Pollinator decline • Species extinction • Threshold host density • Wildlife trade • Wildlife disease
* Energy conservation — Alternatives to car use • Efficient energy use • Carfree city • Energy hierarchy • Local food
* Renewable energy — Renewable energy commercialization
* Recreation — Protected areas
* Water conservationDisaster mitigationEnvironmental law — Environmental crime • Environmental justice • Polluter pays principle • Precautionary principle • Regulatory capture • Trail ethicsPhase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
* Environmental aspects of the electric car
* Hydrogen economy
* Rail electrification
* Scrappage program
* Vehicle recyclingPhase-out of single-use plastics
* Phase-out of lightweight plastic bags • Biodegradable bags • Reusable shopping bag • Shopping trolley (caddy)
* Bottled water ban — Reuse of bottles
* Plastic straw banSustainable agriculture
* Nutrition transition — Cellular agriculture • Plant-based diet
* '''Integrated Pest Management'''