Mnëv's universality theorem


In algebraic geometry, Mnëv's universality theorem is a result which can be used to represent algebraic varieties as realizations of oriented matroids, a notion of combinatorics.

Oriented matroids

For the purposes of Mnëv's universality, an oriented matroid of a finite subset is a list of all partitions of points in S induced by hyperplanes in. In particular, the structure of oriented matroid contains full information on the incidence relations in S, inducing on S a matroid structure.
The realization space of an oriented matroid is the space of all configurations of points inducing the same oriented matroid structure on S.

Stable equivalence of semialgebraic sets

For the purposes of Mnëv's Universality, the stable equivalence of semialgebraic sets is defined as follows.
Let U, V be semialgebraic sets, obtained as a disconnected union of connected semialgebraic sets
We say that U and V are rationally equivalent if there exist homeomorphisms defined by rational maps.
Let be semialgebraic sets,
with mapping to under the natural projection deleting last d coordinates. We say that is a stable projection if there exist integer polynomial maps
such that
The stable equivalence is an equivalence relation on semialgebraic subsets generated by stable projections and rational equivalence.

Mnëv's universality theorem

THEOREM
Let V be a semialgebraic subset in defined over integers. Then V is stably equivalent to a realization space of a certain oriented matroid.

History

Mnëv's universality theorem was discovered by Nikolai Mnëv in his 1986 Ph.D. thesis. It has numerous applications in algebraic geometry, due to Laurent Lafforgue, Ravi Vakil and others, allowing one to construct moduli spaces with arbitrarily bad behaviour.