Muhammad's letters to the heads of state


According to al-Tabari in his History of the Prophets and Kings, Muhammad decided after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah to send letters to many rulers of the world, inviting them to Islam.
Muhammad, according to traditional Islamic historiography, sent ambassadors with such letters to Heraclius the Roman Emperor, Chosroes II the Khosrau of Persia, the Negus of Abyssinia, Muqawqis the ruler of Egypt, Harith Gassani the governor of Syria, Munzir ibn Sawa and to the ruler of Bahrain.

To the Byzantine emperor

The text of the letter to Heraclius, as transmitted by Muslim historians, reads as follows:

To the king of Ethiopia

Letter of the Prophet Muhammed to Armah, the Negus:
كتاب رسول الإسلام صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى النجاشي
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم من محمد رسول الإسلام إلى النجاشى ملك الحبشة: سلام عليك إنى أحمد الله إليك ،الله الذي لا إله إلا هو الملك القدوس السلام المؤمن المهيمن، وأشهد أن عيسى بن مريم روح الله وكلمته ألقاها إلى مريم البتول الطيبة الحصينة، فحملت بعيسى فخلقه الله من روحه كما خلق آدم بيده، وإنى أدعوك وجنودك إلى الله عز وجل، وقد بلغت ونصحت فاقبلوا نصحى، والسلام على من اتبع الهدى
Letter of the Prophet of Islam, peace be upon him.
In the name of God the most beneficial the Merciful.
Mohammed the Prophet of Islam to Nagaci king of Abyssinia:
Peace to you that I thank God for you, God, who there is no god but He, the King, the Holy peace insured dominant, and I bear witness that Jesus son of Mary, the Spirit of God and his speech was delivered to the Virgin Mary the good bunker. God created Jesus from his spirit, just as he created Adam with his hand, and I invite you and your soldiers to God Almighty, has reached and advised receive my advice, and peace be upon those who follow guidance

To the governor of Bahrain

To Muqawqis of Egypt

Prophet Mohammed’s Letter to the Ruler of Oman

Prophet Mohammed’s Letter to the Ruler of Oman is displayed at the National Museum of Oman that often stirs emotions in people and because of its great significance, a sample of this article is exhibited in other museums as well. It is a letter written in Arabic using ink and used leather as a canvas and is believed by the museum to have been penned in 8 AH/630 CE. The document is a letter from the Prophet Mohammed bearing his stamp to Abd and Jaifar, joint Kings of Oman at that time. The letter was sent through ‘Amr Ibn al-‘As to Jaifar and Jaffer ibn al Julanda.“The capital city then was Suhar. So this letter was sent asking the people of Oman to convert to Islam.” He mentioned in the letter, ‘Bismillahi Rehman Rahim, from Mohammed, the Prophet of Allah, I am asking you to convert to Islam and if you do your whole life in peace, but if you do not you will live in wars.’ So in response to the letter, Oman was the first country to convert to Islam without any war. It is said that the Prophet made a prayer for the Omani people that they will never have enemies from outside.” The letter is an important display at the National Museum at an area dedicated to the Islamic history of Oman.