Scaphander


Scaphander is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Scaphandridae, the canoe bubbles.

Description

The shell is ovate, convex in its upper part, and tapers below, with a low, slightly exserted spire. The aperture is large but shorter than the shell, and the columella is moderately curved and thick. The surface is sculpted with rows of spiral pits.
In most, if not all, species of this proposed subgenus, the callosity on the body does not form a distinct "fold." Instead, it appears as an amorphous mass, which sometimes may be granular, smooth, or occasionally tubercular in texture. While the typical fossil species seems to have an interiorly produced callus, the recent species differ notably from Bellardi’s fossil. They not only lack the same callus characteristics but also exhibit a globose shell shape rather than the pyriform shape seen in the fossil. For these globose recent species, I propose the name Sabatina, with Scaphander sabatina planeticus Dall, 1908 as the type. These species possess an animal capable of fully retracting into the shell, with gastroliths identical to those found in Scaphander lignarius.

Species

Species within the genus Scaphander include:Scaphander amygdalus Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024Scaphander andamanicus E. A. Smith, 1894
  • † Scaphander brevicula Philippi 1887 Scaphander cancellatus E. von Martens, 1902
  • † Scaphander cauveti Scaphander ceylanus E. A. Smith, 1904 Scaphander clavus Dall, 1889
  • † Scaphander conicus Scaphander cornus Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024Scaphander darius Marcus & Marcus, 1967
  • † Scaphander dertonensis Scaphander dilatatus A. Adams, 1862
  • † Scaphander elegans Scaphander elongatus A. Adams, 1862
  • † Scaphander enysi
  • † Scaphander flemingi Marwick, 1965 Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1886Scaphander grandis
  • † Scaphander hiulcus Laws, 1936
  • † Scaphander ickeiK. Martin, 1914 Scaphander illecebrosus Iredale, 1925Scaphander imperceptus Scaphander impunctatus Hickman 1980 Scaphander interruptus Dall, 1889
  • † Scaphander javana Martin 1879
  • † Scaphander jugularis
  • † Scaphander komiticus Laws, 1939 Scaphander laetus Thiele, 1925
  • † Scaphander langdoni Dall, 1896 Scaphander lignarius Scaphander lignarius lignarius - wood-grained canoe bubble
  • † Scaphander malleatus Marwick, 1931 Scaphander meridionalis Siegwald, Pastorino, Oskars & Malaquias, 2020
  • † Scaphander miriamae Dell, 1952 Scaphander mundus Watson, 1883
  • † Scaphander nannus Woodring 1928 Scaphander nobilis Verrill, 1884Scaphander obnubilus Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024
  • † Scaphander oligoturritus Sacco 1897 Scaphander otagoensis Dell, 1956
  • † Scaphander parisiensis A. d'Orbigny, 1850 Scaphander pilsbryi McGinty, 1955 Scaphander planeticus Dall, 1908
  • † Scaphander polysarcus Cossmann and Pissarro 1913 Scaphander primus Scaphander punctostriatus - giant canoe-bubble
  • † Scaphander radii Abbass 1967
  • † Scaphander rarus Wade 1926
  • † Scaphander remondi Philippi 1887
  • † Scaphander reticulatus Pecchioli, 1864
  • † Scaphander scapha Laws, 1933 Scaphander semicallus Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024Scaphander sibogae Schepman, 1913Scaphander solomonensis Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024
  • † Scaphander stewarti Durham 1944 Scaphander sulcatinus A. Adams, 1862
  • † Scaphander tarbelliana
  • † Scaphander tenuis G. F. Harris, 1897 Scaphander teramachii
  • † Scaphander toringa Dell, 1952 Scaphander tortuosus Siegwald & Malaquias, 2024
  • † Scaphander washingtonensis Tegland 1933
  • † Scaphander watsoni Dall, 1881Scaphander watsoni rehderiScaphander willetti Dall, 1919
  • † Scaphander yonabaruensis MacNeil, 1961
;Species brought into synonymy:Scaphander alatus Dall, 1895: synonym of Scaphander mundus Watson, 1883
  • † Scaphander alaskensis Clark 1932: synonym of † Acila gettysburgensis alaskensis Scaphander attenuatus Schepman, 1913: synonym of Scaphander cancellatus E. von Martens, 1902 Scaphander bathymophilus Dall, 1881: synonym of Sabatia bathymophila Scaphander brownii Leach, 1852: synonym of Scaphander lignarius Scaphander cumingii A. Adams, 1862: synonym of Philine cumingii Scaphander cylindrellus Dall, 1908: synonym of Cylichnium cylindrellum
  • † Scaphander duseni Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992: synonym of † Kaitoa duseni Scaphander fragilis : synonym of Eoscaphander fragilis Habe, 1952Scaphander gibbulus Jeffreys, 1856: synonym of Weinkauffia gibbula : synonym of Weinkauffia turgidula Scaphander giganteus Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius Scaphander japonicus Adams, 1862: synonym of Nipponoscaphander japonicus Scaphander librarius Lovén, 1846: synonym of Scaphander punctostriatus Scaphander loisae Bullis, 1956: synonym of Scaphander bathymophilus Scaphander mulitstriata Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862 Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862Scaphander niveus R. B. Watson, 1883: synonym of Sabatia nivea Scaphander pilsbryi McGinty, 1955: synonym of Scaphander darius Marcus & Marcus, 1967Scaphander pustulosus Dall, 1895: synonym of Sabatia pustulosa Dall, 1895 Scaphander robustus Okutani, 1966: synonym of Sabatia robusta Scaphander sibogae : synonym of Scaphander attenuatus Schepman, 1913 Scaphander stigmatica Dall, 1927: synonym of Scaphander nobilis Verrill, 1884Scaphander subglobosa Schepman, 1913: synonym of Scaphander subglobosus Schepman, 1913 Scaphander subglobosus Schepman, 1913: synonym of Scaphander cancellatus E. von Martens, 1902Scaphander takedai : synonym of Sabatia takedai Scaphander targionius Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius Scaphander vicinus E. A. Smith, 1906: synonym of Scaphander mundus R. B. Watson, 1883