Student Senate for the California Community Colleges
Student Senate for the California Community Colleges was established in 1988 by the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges. SSCCC was originally known as the "Council of Student Body Governments" and then later as the "Student Senate".
SSCCC operates under the supervision and control of the Chancellor of the California Community Colleges. SSCCC promotes and safeguards access for current and future students to California public higher education in accordance with the Master Plan for Higher Education.
History
Establishment
Chapter 973 of the California Statutes of 1988 added Section 70901 to the California Education Code. Section 70901 provides that "the board of governors shall establish and carry out a process for consultation with institutional representatives of community college districts so as to ensure their participation in the development and review of policy proposals".In March 1988 the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges adopted a "formal policy on Consultation". The policy on Consultation included "a Standing Order which set up seven councils", including a "Council of Student Body Governments". In September 1990 the Board of Governors recognized the Council of Student Body Governments "as the official organization representing students in the statewide Consultation process".
In 1996 the Council of Student Body Governments was renamed the "Student Senate". Later that year, the Board of Governors recognized "the Student Senate for the California Community Colleges as the representative of community college-associated student organizations before the Board of Governors and the Chancellor's Office". This recognition process changed the name of the Student Senate to "Student Senate for the California Community Colleges". The operation of the Student Senate for the California Community Colleges is funded by the State of California in accordance with California Education Code Section 71040.
On October 18, 2002, Thomas J. Nussbaum and the California Student Association of Community Colleges signed a memorandum of understanding which provided that the elected members of the association's "Policy Board" would serve ex-officio as the members of the Student Senate for the California Community Colleges. In May 2005 Chancellor Marshall Drummond rescinded the memorandum of understanding.
On May 7, 2006 community college students established an "unincorporated association" named "Student Senate for California Community Colleges". The association solicited and received charitable contributions. It also solicited and received donations of student representation fees that had been collected in accordance with California Education Code Section 76060.5. The members of the association's governing body served ex-officio as the members of the Council of Student Body Governments.
In 2013 the SSCCC supported the amendment of California Education Code Section 76060.5. Amendments to Section 76060.5 were enacted and became effective on January 1, 2014. The amendments provide, in part, that "a statewide community college student organization" must be "established as a legal entity registered with the Secretary of State" in order to qualify to receive distributions of student representation fees from the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges. A nonprofit California corporation named "Student Senate for California Community Colleges" was established by Omar Paz Jr. in 2015 as a means of fulfilling the "legal entity" requirement in Section 76060.5, as amended. The name "California Community Colleges" is the property of the State of California. The incorporated SSCCC has permission to use the words "California Community Colleges" in the corporate name "Student Senate for California Community Colleges".
After the incorporated SSCCC became operational the unincorporated SSCCC was abandoned and it has now ceased to exist.
Predecessor organizations
The unincorporated SSCCC was established in May 2006. It was preceded by several similar organizations: the California Junior College Association; the California Community College Student Government Association; the Community College Student Lobby; and the California Student Association of Community Colleges.CalSACC was established on November 15, 1987. In 1999, CalSACC's membership included 72 community college student body associations. By 2005, CalSACC's membership had dwindled to just 31 student body associations. And by 2007, CalSACC had become "virtually non-existent". In 2008 CalSACC's remaining assets were donated to the unincorporated SSCCC. The sum of $57,150.53 was transferred to the SSCCC on June 3, 2008.
CalSACC had ten organizational subdivisions, which were called "regions". During the gradual disintegration and ultimate dissolution of CalSACC, its regions continued functioning autonomously. On May 6 and 7, 2006, community college student leaders from throughout California gathered at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in San Diego, California. They considered several model constitutions for a new statewide student organization. They adopted constitutional model "E" by a vote of 59 in favor and 11 opposed. That model grouped the former CalSACC regions together under the name "Student Senate for California Community Colleges". Then, each of the ten former CalSACC regions selected two representatives, and those 20 representatives ratified the SSCCC constitution on May 7, 2006. The former CalSACC regions subsequently changed their names to reflect the fact that they had become regions of the SSCCC.
Noteworthy events
On March 5, 2012 the unincorporated SSCCC, the California State Student Association, and the University of California Student Association sponsored a rally at the California State Capitol. About 8,000 people gathered on the western steps of the capitol and listened to speeches by student leaders and by state leaders, including Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom, Assembly Speaker John Pérez, and Senate President Pro Tem Darrell Steinberg. After the rally, protestors from the Occupy movement entered the capitol and refused to leave. Officers of the California Highway Patrol arrested 72 people for trespassing. These events generated dozens of news reports.The incorporated SSCCC
A document titled "Articles of Incorporation of Student Senate for California Community Colleges" was filed in the office of the California Secretary of State on April 29, 2015. The filing of that document initiated the existence of a California nonprofit public benefit corporation named "Student Senate for California Community Colleges". The Articles of Incorporation provide that the corporation's mission is "To improve student access, promote student success, engage and empower local student leaders, and enrich the collegiate experience for all California community college students."The United States Internal Revenue Service has determined that the incorporated SSCCC is organized for charitable purposes and that it is exempt from federal income tax under Section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Internal Revenue Service has also determined that the incorporated SSCCC must annually file a "Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax".
An accountancy firm named Gilbert Associates, Inc. prepared a "Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax" for the incorporated SSCCC for the tax year beginning July 1, 2017 and ending June 30, 2018. The Return shows that the incorporated SSCCC had "Total revenue" of $315,002 and at the end of that tax year the incorporated SSCCC had "Total assets" of $316,231. The Return shows that the incorporated SSCCC had a governing body composed of 26 voting members. The Return also shows that the incorporated SSCCC did not have any members, and that the incorporated SSCCC did not have any members, stockholders, or other persons who had the power to elect or appoint one or more members of the governing body.
Corporate governance
The powers of the incorporated SSCCC are exercised by or under the direction of a "board of directors", as required by law. The SSCCC Board of Directors includes 20 regionally elected Directors and six officers of the corporation. The officers are elected by "Delegates" during an annual meeting of the Delegates. Each community college student body association my designate one Delegate.Financial statements, 2017–2018
The incorporated SSCCC has produced financial statements for the fiscal year that ended on June 30, 2018. Those financial statements were reviewed by a California-licensed accountancy firm named Gilbert Associates, Inc. The firm concluded, "Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying financial statements in order for them to be in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America".Principal office and officers
A "Statement of Information" about the incorporated SSCCC was filed in the office of the California Secretary of State on May 19, 2020. A copy of that statement is posted on the Secretary of State's website.The Statement of Information indicates that the street address of the incorporated SSCCC's principal office in California is: 1102 Q Street, 6th Floor, Sacramento, California 95811. The statement shows that Stephen Kodur is SSCCC's chief executive officer, that Sean Young is the secretary, and that Toni Schiffmaier is the chief financial officer. The statement also shows that Julie Adams is SSCCC's agent for service of process.
Lobbying
Education Code Section 76060.5 authorizes the collection and expenditure of student representation fees. Subdivision of Section 76060.5 provides that such fees "shall be expended to establish and support the operations of a statewide community college student organization, recognized by the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges, with effective student representation and participation in state-level community college shared governance and with governmental affairs representatives to advocate before the Legislature and other state and local governmental entities".On March 20, 2017 the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges approved a "Memorandum of Understanding" which recognizes that the incorporated SSCCC is a statewide community college student organization within the meaning of California Education Code Section 76060.5. That recognition makes the incorporated SSCCC eligible to receive distributions of student representation fees from the Board of Governors. The Memorandum of Understanding provides that the Board of Governors may cancel the memorandum upon thirty days written notice to SSCCC.
Representatives of the incorporated SSCCC participate in state-level community college shared governance by serving as members of a "Consultation Council" established by the Chancellor of the California Community Colleges. The incorporated SSCCC's "Legislative Affairs" representatives engage in legislative advocacy by contacting members of the California Legislature and by testifying before committees of the Legislature. These efforts to influence the decisions of California legislators and officials must be conducted in accordance with the "Political Reform Act of 1974". The provisions of that Act are administered by the Political Reform Division of the California Secretary of State's office.
Ex-officio participation in shared governance
The Council of Student Body Governments "was ultimately renamed the Student Senate for purposes of the Consultation Process and the Board of Governors Standing Orders".More recently, the Board of Governors recognized the Student Senate for the California Community Colleges "as the representative of community college students in conjunction with the associated student organizations in the Consultation Process and before the Board of Governors and Chancellor's Office".
The Chancellor has established a "Consultation Council" in accordance with the Board of Governors' policy on Consultation and applicable law. The members of the incorporated SSCCC's Board of Directors are serving ex-officio as the members of the Student Senate for the California Community Colleges, and the President and the Vice President of Legislative Affairs of the incorporated SSCCC are serving as members of the Consultation Council.
Student Aid Commission nominees
The California Student Aid Commission has 15 members, including 2 student members. The student members of the Commission are nominated by student organizations and appointed by the Governor of California, with those appointments being subject to confirmation by the California State Senate.The Student Aid Commission has delegated to its Director the power to determine whether a particular student organization is "a composite group of at least five representative student government associations". The Director may invite student organizations that meet this standard to nominate three to five students to serve as members of the Commission. The Director has determined that the incorporated SSCCC is "a composite group of at least five representative student government associations" and that the incorporated SSCCC is eligible to nominate students to serve as members of the Commission. The Director periodically invites the incorporated SSCCC to submit a list of nominees to the Governor.
Board of Governors nominees
The Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges is composed of 17 members, including 2 student members. In 2007 and earlier, students were periodically nominated to serve as members of the board of governors by an unincorporated association named "California Student Association of Community Colleges". After January 1, 2008 students were nominated by the Student Senate for the California Community Colleges, which was then "the student organization recognized by the board of governors". However, since the members of the board of directors of the incorporated SSCCC are acting ex-officio as the members of the task force named Student Senate for the California Community Colleges, the incorporated SSCCC is in practice the organization that nominates students to serve as members of the board of governors. Nominees may become members of the board of governors upon approval by the Governor of California.Reports to the California Attorney General
The incorporated SSCCC is registered with the California Attorney General's Registry of Charitable Trusts. SSCCC is required by law to "file with the Attorney General periodic written reports, under oath, setting forth information as to the nature of the assets held for charitable purposes". SSCCC's report for the period beginning April 29, 2015 and ending December 31, 2015 shows that SSCCC's revenue was $0 and that its total assets had a value of $0. The report for January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016 shows revenue of $0 and total assets of $0. The report for January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2017 shows revenue of $0 and total assets of $0. Each of these reports was signed on November 2, 2017 by Courtney L. Cooper, who was at that time SSCCC's "chief executive officer".SSCCC's report for the period beginning July 1, 2017 and ending June 30, 2018 shows that SSCCC's revenue was $315,002 and that its total assets had a value of $316,231. The report was received by the California Attorney General on May 15, 2019. The report includes a complete copy of SSCCC's "Form 990" report to the United States Internal Revenue Service.
Fictitious name adopted
On May 8, 2020 the incorporated SSCCC began using the fictitious name "Student Senate for the California Community Colleges". The use of this fictitious name may cause confusion because it is exactly the same name as the current name of a task force that was established in 1988 by the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges. The original name of that task force was "Council of Student Body Governments" and the current name of that task force is "Student Senate for the California Community Colleges".The Board of Governors is scheduled to hold a meeting on July 20, 2020. The agenda for that meeting includes the consideration of amendments to Section 50002 of Title 5 of the California Code of Regulations. The proposed amendments to Section 50002 would, if adopted, delete the existing references to the task force named Student Senate for the California Community Colleges. The proposed amendments would also provide that the Board of Governors recognizes Student Senate for California Community Colleges as a "statewide community college student organization" within the meaning of California Education Code Section 76060.5.