Congress

A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter during battle, from the Latin congressus.

Political congresses

International relations

The following congresses were formal meetings of representatives of different nations:

The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), which ended the War of Devolution
The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), which ended the War of the Austrian Succession
The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818)
The Congress of Berlin, which settled the Eastern Question after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
The Congress of Gniezno
The Congress of Laibach
The Congress of Panama, an 1826 meeting organized by Simón Bolívar
The Congress of Paris (1856), which ended the Crimean War
The Congress of Troppau
The Congress of Tucumán
The Congress of Utrecht
The Congress of Verona
The Congress of Vienna, which settled the shape of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars
The Congress of the Council of Europe.

Legislatures

Presidential">presidential system">Presidential and [semi-presidential system]s

In the mid-1770s, the British colonies that became the United States of America adopted for their joint convention the word "Congress" - to emphasize each colony's status as a state in its own right. The term has been adopted by many countries to refer to their legislatures.

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislative branch of the United States federal government.
*The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the Congress of the Confederation, legislature of the United States under the Articles of Confederation.
*The Confederate States Congress of 1861–1865 operated in the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
The Congress of Guatemala is the unicameral legislature of Guatemala.
The National Congress of Honduras is the legislative branch of the government of Honduras.
The Congress of Mexico is the legislative branch of the Mexican government.
The Congress of Paraguay is the bicameral legislature of Paraguay.
The Congress of the Argentine Nation is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina.
The Congress of the Dominican Republic is the bicameral legislature of the Dominican Republic.
The Palau National Congress is the bicameral legislative branch of the Republic of Palau.
The Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia is the unicameral legislature of the Federated States of Micronesia.
The Congress of the Philippines is the legislative branch of the Philippine government.
The Congress of the Republic of Peru is the unicameral legislature of Peru.
The Congress of Colombia is the bicameral legislature of Colombia.
The National Congress of Bolivia was the national legislature of Bolivia before being replaced by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly.
The National Congress of Brazil is the bicameral legislature of Brazil.
The National Congress of Chile is the legislative branch of the government of Chile.
The National Congress of Ecuador was the unicameral legislature of Ecuador before being replaced by the National Assembly.
France:
*The Congress of the French Parliament refers specifically to when both houses of France's legislature sit together as a single body, usually at the Palace of Versailles, to vote on revisions to the Constitution, to listen to an address by the President of the French Republic, and, in the past, to elect the President of the Republic.
*The Congress of New Caledonia is the national legislature under the semi-presidential system of the autonomous sui generis collectivity.

Non-presidential systems

Spanish Congress of Deputies is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch.
The National Congress of Belgium was a temporary legislative assembly in 1830, which created a constitution for the new state.
The legislature of the People's Republic of China is known in English as the National People's Congress.
The Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union was the legislature and nominal supreme institution of state power in the Soviet Union.
*Congress of People's Deputies of Russia was modeled after the Soviet Union's and existed in 1990–1993.
The Congress of Cuba was the bicameral legislature of Cuba from 1902 to 1959.

Parties

Many political parties have a party congress every few years to make decisions for the party and elect governing bodies, while others call it a party convention. Congress is included in the name of several political parties, especially those in former British colonies:

Political organizations

Labor congresses

Religious Congresses

Catholic Congresses
Eucharistic Congresses
1947 Marian Congress
Subud Congress

Non-political congresses

Congress is an alternative name for a large national or international academic conference. For instance, the World Congress on Men's Health is an annual meeting on men's medical issues.
Organizations in some athletic sports, such as bowling, have historically been named "congresses". The predecessors to the United States Bowling Congress were the American Bowling Congress and the Women's International Bowling Congress.[Image:Chess congress, Ormskirk.jpg|thumb|Chess congress]
A chess congress is a chess tournament, in one city, where a large number of contestants gather to play competitive chess over a limited period of time; typically one day to one week, or more.
ICCA Congress & Exhibition