Triplophysa
Triplophysa is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found mainly in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, as well as inland waters of the larger part of central Asia. They can be distinguished from other genera of Nemacheilidae by marked sexual dimorphism, including the development of nuptial tubercles on breeding males. Currently, the genus is a mixed assemblage of species. Some lineages have been identified and treated as subgenera, but as Wikipedia follows Fishbase for fish species all but Hedinichthys have been treated as subgenera in Wikipedia, although Kottelat in his revision of the loaches did recognise them as valid. FishBase, however, includes these in Triplophysa without specifying subgenera and treats the names given by Kottelat as synonyms.
Ecology
Triplophysa zhaoi holds the record for the lowest altitude for Asian fish: it is found at below sea level in swamps of the Lükqün oasis, in the Turpan Depression in Xinjiang. In the other end, Triplophysa stolickai holds the record altitude for Asian fish: it is found at above sea level in hot springs near the Longmu Lake in western Tibet. Triplophysa dalaica has been used as model species to study adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia and 13 positively selected genes involved in hypoxia response have been identified. Some species are blind cave-dwellers.
Species
These are the currently recognized species in this genus:Triplophysa akhtari Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev, 2001Triplophysa aliensis Triplophysa alticeps Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev, 2003Triplophysa aluensis W. X. Li & Z. G. Zhu, 2000Triplophysa angeli Triplophysa anlongensis C.-T. Lan, L.-X. Song, T. Luo, X.-R. Zhao, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023Triplophysa anshuiensis T.-J. Wu, M.-L. Wei, J.-H. Lan & L.-N. Du, 2018Triplophysa anterodorsalis S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1989Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev, 2001Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev, 2006Triplophysa baotianensis C. Li, T. Liu, R. Li & W. Li, 2018Triplophysa bashanensis T. Q. Xu & K. F. Wang, 2009Triplophysa bellibarus Triplophysa bleekeri Triplophysa bombifrons Triplophysa brachyptera Triplophysa brahui Triplophysa brevibarba R. H. Ding, 1993Triplophysa brevicauda Triplophysa cakaensis W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988Triplophysa cehengensis T. Luo, M.-L. Mao, X.-R. Zhao, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023Triplophysa chandagaitensis Prokofiev, 2002Triplophysa chondrostoma Triplophysa choprai Triplophysa coniptera Triplophysa crassicauda Triplophysa crassilabris R. H. Ding, 1994Triplophysa cuneicephala Triplophysa dalaica Triplophysa daochengensis Y. Y. Wu, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2016Triplophysa daqiaoensis R. H. Ding, 1993Triplophysa daryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova & Peng, 2022, 2004Triplophysa obscura X. T. Wang, 1987Triplophysa obtusirostra Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988Triplophysa orientalis Triplophysa panguri Triplophysa panzhouensis J. Yu, T. Luo, C. T. Lan, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023Triplophysa papillosolabiata Triplophysa pappenheimi Triplophysa paradoxa Triplophysa parva Z. M. Chen, W. X. Li & J. X. Yang, 2009Triplophysa polyfasciata R. H. Ding, 1996Triplophysa posterodorsalus Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera Triplophysa pseudostenura C. L. He, E. Zhang & Z. B. Song, 2012Triplophysa qilianensis W. J. Li, X. C. Chen & Y. P. Hu, 2015Triplophysa qingzhenensis F. Liu, Z.-X. Zeng & Gong, 2022Triplophysa qini S.Q. Deng, X.-B. Wang & E. Zhang 2022Triplophysa qiubeiensis W. X. Li & H. F. Yang, 2008Triplophysa retropinnis Triplophysa robusta Triplophysa rongduensis M.-L. Mao, X.-R. Zhao, J. Yu, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2023Triplophysa rosa X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2005Triplophysa rotundiventris Triplophysa sanduensis S.-J. Chen & Z.-G. Peng, 2019Triplophysa scapanognatha Prokofiev, 2007Triplophysa scleroptera Triplophysa sellaefer Triplophysa sewerzowi Triplophysa shaanxiensis J. X. Chen, 1987Triplophysa shannanensis M. Wang, J. Huang, Y. Chen & D. He, 2024Triplophysa shashiguii Y.Y. Wu & Y.S. Guo, 2021Triplophysa shehensis Menon, 1987Triplophysa shilinensis Y. R. Chen & J. X. Yang, 1992Triplophysa shiyangensis Triplophysa siluroides Triplophysa stenura Triplophysa stewarti Triplophysa stolickai Triplophysa strauchii Triplophysa tanggulaensis S. Q. Zhu, 1982)Triplophysa tenuicauda Triplophysa tenuis Triplophysa tianeensis X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang, 2004Triplophysa tianlinensis J. Li, X.-H. Li, J.-H. Lan & L.-N. Du, 2016Triplophysa tianxingensis H. F. Yang, W. X. Li & Z. M. Chen, 2016Triplophysa tibetana Triplophysa turpanensis Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992Triplophysa ulacholica Triplophysa uranoscopus Triplophysa venusta S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988Triplophysa waisihani L. Cao & E. Zhang, 2008Triplophysa weiheensis C.-G. Feng , Y. Zhang, C. Tong, Zhou & K. Zhao, 2020Triplophysa wudangensis F. Liu, Z.-X. Zeng & Z. Gong 2022Triplophysa wulongensis S.-J. Chen, Sheraliev, L. Shu & Z. Peng, 2021Triplophysa wuweiensis Triplophysa xiangshuingensis W. X. Li, 2004Triplophysa xiangxiensis Triplophysa xichangensis S.-Q. Zhu & W.-X. Cao 1989Triplophysa xichouensis S. W. Liu, X.-F. Pan, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2017Triplophysa xingshanensis Triplophysa xiqiensis R. H. Ding & Q. Lai, 1996Triplophysa xuanweiensis Z.-M. Lu, X.-J. Li, W.-N. Mao & Y.-H. Zhao 2022Triplophysa yajiangensis S. L. Yan, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2015Triplophysa yaluwang C.-T. Lan, Y.-W. Liu, J.-J. Zhou & J. Zhou 2024Triplophysa yaopeizhii T. Q. Xu, C. G. Zhang & B. Cai, 1995Triplophysa yasinensis Triplophysa yunnanensis J. X. Yang, 1990Triplophysa yuzeshengi Y. S. Guo & Z. Y. Sun, 2021Triplophysa zaidamensis Triplophysa zamegacephala Triplophysa zhaoi Prokofiev, 2006Triplophysa zhenfengensis D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001Triplophysa ziyunensis L. Wu, T. Luo, N. Xiao & J. Zhou, 2024