1270

Year 1270 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1270th year of the Common Era and Anno Domini designations, the 270th year of the 2nd millennium, the 70th year of the 13th century, and the 1st year of the 1270s decade.

Events

Before August - King Louis IX of France launches the Eighth Crusade, in an attempt to recapture the Crusader States from the Mamluk sultan Baibars; the opening engagement is a siege of Tunis.
August 25 - King Louis IX of France dies while besieging the city of Tunis, possibly due to poor quality drinking water.
October 30 - The siege of Tunis and the Eighth Crusade end, through an agreement between Charles I of Sicily and Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Khalif of Tunis.

August 10 - Yekuno Amlak overthrows the Ethiopian Zagwe dynasty, claims the imperial throne and establishes the Solomonic Dynasty, which will last until 1974.

In Korea, the Sambyeolcho Rebellion begins against the Goryeo dynasty, a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty.
The ancient city of Ascalon is captured from the Crusader States, and utterly destroyed by the Mamluk sultan Baibars, who goes so far as to fill in its important harbor, leaving the site desolate, and the city never to be rebuilt.
The city of Tabriz, in present-day Iran, is made capital of the Mongol Ilkhanate Empire.
The independent state of Kutch is founded, in present-day India.
A census of the Chinese city of Hangzhou establishes that some 186,330 families reside within it, not including visitors and soldiers.
December 15 – The Nizari Ismaili garrison of Gerdkuh, Persia surrender after 17 years to the Mongols.

February 16 - Livonian Crusade - Battle of Karuse: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order decisively, on the frozen surface of the Baltic Sea.
September 1 - King Stephen V of Hungary writes his walk to the antiquum castellum near Miholjanec, where the Sword of Attila has been recently discovered.
December - Crucial aspects of the philosophy of Averroism are banned by the Roman Catholic Church, in a condemnation enacted by papal authority at the University of Paris.
The Summa Theologica, a work by Thomas Aquinas that is considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its theology, is completed.
Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.
The Sanskrit fables known as the Panchatantra, dating from as early as 200 BCE, are translated into Latin, from a Hebrew version by John of Capua.
Construction of the Old New Synagogue in Prague is completed.
The cathedral on the Rock of Cashel in Ireland is completed.
Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall, donates to the Cistercian Hailes Abbey in England a phial held to contain the Blood of Christ, acquired in the Holy Roman Empire; this becomes such a magnet for pilgrimage that within 7 years the monks are able to rebuild their abbey on a magnificent scale.
The Chronicle of Melrose is ended.