March 14
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1647 - Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.
- 1663 - According to his own account, Otto von Guericke completes his book Experimenta Nova Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio, detailing his experiments on vacuum and his discovery of electrostatic repulsion.
- 1674 - The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship Wapen van Rotterdam being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers.
- 1757 - Admiral Sir John Byng is executed by firing squad aboard for breach of the Articles of War.
- 1780 - American Revolutionary War: Spanish forces capture Fort Charlotte in Mobile, Alabama, the last British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans.
- 1794 - Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.
- 1864 - Rossini's Petite messe solennelle is first performed, by twelve singers, two pianists and a harmonium player in a mansion in Paris.
- 1885 - The Mikado, a light opera by W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, receives its first public performance at the Savoy Theatre in London.
- 1900 - The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing the United States currency on the gold standard.
1901–present
- 1901 - Utah governor Heber Manning Wells vetoes a bill that would have eased restriction on polygamy.
- 1903 - Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge, the first national wildlife refuge in the US, is established by President Theodore Roosevelt.
- 1920 - In the second of the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites, about 80% of the population in Zone II votes to remain part of Weimar Germany.
- 1921 - Six members of a group of Irish Republican Army activists known as the Forgotten Ten, are hanged in Dublin's Mountjoy Prison.
- 1923 - Charlie Daly and three other members of the Irish Republican Army are executed by Irish Free State forces.
- 1926 - The El Virilla train accident, Costa Rica, kills 248 people and wounds another 93 when a train falls off a bridge over the Río Virilla between Heredia and Tibás.
- 1931 - Alam Ara, India's first talking film, is released.
- 1939 - Slovakia declares independence under German pressure.
- 1942 - Anne Miller becomes the first American patient to be treated with penicillin, under the care of Orvan Hess and John Bumstead.
- 1943 - The Holocaust: The liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto is completed.
- 1945 - The R.A.F. drop the Grand Slam bomb in action for the first time, on a railway viaduct near Bielefeld, Germany.
- 1951 - Korean War: United Nations troops recapture Seoul for the second time.
- 1961 - A USAF B-52 bomber carrying nuclear weapons crashes near Yuba City, California.
- 1964 - Jack Ruby is convicted of killing Lee Harvey Oswald, the assassin who had shot and killed John F. Kennedy in the previous year.
- 1967 - The body of U.S. President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.
- 1972 - Sterling Airways Flight 296 crashes near Kalba, United Arab Emirates while on approach to Dubai International Airport, killing 112 people.
- 1978 - The Israel Defense Forces launch Operation Litani, a seven-day campaign to invade and occupy southern Lebanon.
- 1979 - Alia Royal Jordanian Flight 600 crashes at Doha International Airport, killing 45 people.
- 1980 - LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007 crashes during final approach near Warsaw, Poland, killing 87 people, including a 14-man American boxing team.
- 1982 - The South African government 1982 bombing of the [African National Congress headquarters in London|bombs] the headquarters of the African National Congress in London.
- 1988 - In the Johnson South Reef Skirmish Chinese forces defeat Vietnamese forces in an altercation over control of one of the Spratly Islands.
- 1991 - Escondida in Chile's Atacama Desert –which was to become the worlds most productive copper mine– is officially inaugurated.
- 1995 - Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on board a Russian launch vehicle.
- 2006 - The 2006 Chadian coup d'état attempt ends in failure.
- 2006 - Operation Bringing Home the Goods: Israeli troops raid an American-supervised Palestinian prison in Jericho to capture six Palestinian prisoners, including PFLP chief Ahmad Sa'adat.
- 2007 - The Nandigram violence in Nandigram, West Bengal, results in the deaths of at least 14 people.
- 2008 - A series of riots, protests, and demonstrations erupt in Lhasa and subsequently spread elsewhere in Tibet.
- 2017 - A naming ceremony for the chemical element nihonium takes place in Tokyo, with then Crown Prince Naruhito in attendance.
- 2019 - Cyclone Idai makes landfall near Beira, Mozambique, causing devastating floods and over 1,000 deaths.
- 2021 - Burmese security forces kill at least 65 civilians in the Hlaingthaya massacre.
Births
1601–1900
- 1638 - Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic
- 1737 - Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus, Aromanian physician and noble
- 1772 - José Núñez de Cáceres, Dominican politician and writer. He was the leader of the Independence movement of the Dominican Republic against Spain in 1821
- 1790 - Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver
- 1800 - James Bogardus, American inventor and architect
- 1801 - Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Estonian poet
- 1804 - Johann Strauss I, Austrian composer and conductor
- 1813 - Joseph P. Bradley, American lawyer and jurist
- 1820 - Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
- 1822 - Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies
- 1823 - Théodore de Banville, French poet and critic
- 1833 - Frederic Shields, English painter and illustrator
- 1833 - Lucy Hobbs Taylor, American dentist and educator
- 1835 - Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer and historian
- 1836 - Isabella Beeton, English author of Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management
- 1837 - Charles Ammi Cutter, American librarian
- 1844 - Umberto I of Italy
- 1844 - Arthur O'Shaughnessy, English poet and herpetologist
- 1847 - Castro Alves, Brazilian poet and playwright
- 1853 - Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter
- 1854 - Paul Ehrlich, German physician and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1854 - John Lane, English publisher, co-founded The Bodley Head
- 1854 - Alexandru Macedonski, Romanian author and poet
- 1854 - Thomas R. Marshall, American lawyer and politician, 28th Vice [President of the United States of America]
- 1862 - Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist
- 1864 - Casey Jones, American engineer
- 1868 - Emily Murphy, Canadian jurist, author, and activist
- 1869 - Algernon Blackwood, English author and playwright
- 1874 - Anton Philips, Dutch businessman, co-founded Philips Electronics
- 1879 - Albert Einstein, German-American physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate
- 1882 - Wacław Sierpiński, Polish mathematician and academic
- 1885 - Raoul Lufbery, French-American soldier and pilot
- 1886 - Firmin Lambot, Belgian cyclist
- 1887 - Sylvia Beach, American-French bookseller and publisher, who founded Shakespeare and Company
- 1898 - Reginald Marsh, French-American painter and illustrator
- 1899 - K. C. Irving, Canadian businessman, founded Irving Oil
1901–present
- 1901 - Sid Atkinson, South African hurdler and long jumper
- 1903 - Adolph Gottlieb, American painter and sculptor
- 1904 - Doris Eaton Travis, American actress and dancer
- 1905 - Raymond Aron, French journalist, sociologist, and philosopher
- 1906 - Ulvi Cemal Erkin, Turkish composer and educator
- 1908 - Ed Heinemann, American designer of military aircraft
- 1908 - Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French philosopher and academic
- 1908 - Phil Vincent, English engineer and businessman, founded Vincent Motorcycles
- 1908 - Koča Popović, Yugoslav politician and Divisional Commander of the First Proletarian Division of the Yugoslav Partisans
- 1911 - Akira Yoshizawa, Japanese origamist
- 1912 - Cliff Bastin, English footballer
- 1912 - Les Brown, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader
- 1912 - W. Graham Claytor Jr. American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of the Navy
- 1912 - W. Willard Wirtz, American lawyer and politician, 10th United States Secretary of Labor
- 1913 - Dominik Tatarka, Slovak writer
- 1914 - Lee Hays, American singer-songwriter
- 1914 - Bill Owen, English actor and songwriter
- 1914 - Lee Petty, American race car driver and businessman, founded Petty Enterprises
- 1915 - Alexander Brott, Canadian violinist, composer, and conductor
- 1916 - Horton Foote, American author, playwright, and screenwriter
- 1917 - Alan Smith, English lieutenant and pilot
- 1918 - Zoia Horn, American librarian
- 1919 - Max Shulman, American author and screenwriter
- 1920 - Hank Ketcham, American author and cartoonist, created Dennis the Menace
- 1920 - Dorothy Tyler-Odam, English high jumper
- 1921 - S. Truett Cathy, American businessman, founded Chick-fil-A
- 1921 - Ada Louise Huxtable, American author and critic
- 1922 - Les Baxter, American pianist and composer
- 1923 - Diane Arbus, American photographer
- 1925 - William Clay Ford Sr., American businessman
- 1925 - Joseph A. Unanue, American sergeant and businessman
- 1926 - François Morel, Canadian pianist, composer, conductor, and educator
- 1927 - Chuck Share, American basketball player
- 1928 - Frank Borman, American astronaut
- 1928 - Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist
- 1929 - Bob Goalby, American golfer
- 1932 - Mark Murphy, American singer-songwriter and actor
- 1932 - Naina Yeltsina, Russian wife of Boris Yeltsin, First Lady of Russia
- 1933 - Michael Caine, English actor
- 1933 - Quincy Jones, American producer
- 1934 - Eugene Cernan, American captain, pilot, and astronaut
- 1934 - Paul Rader, American 15th General of The Salvation Army
- 1936 - Bob Charles, New Zealand golfer
- 1937 - Peter van der Merwe, South African cricketer and referee
- 1938 - Eleanor Bron, English actress and screenwriter
- 1938 - Jan Crouch, American televangelist, co-founder of the Trinity Broadcasting Network
- 1938 - John Gleeson, Australian cricketer
- 1938 - Árpád Orbán, Hungarian footballer
- 1939 - Raymond J. Barry, American actor
- 1939 - Bertrand Blier, French director and screenwriter
- 1939 - Yves Boisset, French director and screenwriter
- 1941 - Wolfgang Petersen, German-American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1942 - Rita Tushingham, English actress
- 1943 - Anita Morris, American actress and singer
- 1944 - Boris Brott, Canadian composer and conductor
- 1944 - Clyde Lee, American basketball player
- 1944 - Václav Nedomanský, Czech ice hockey player and manager
- 1944 - Bobby Smith, English footballer and manager
- 1944 - Tom Stannage, Australian historian and academic
- 1945 - Jasper Carrott, English comedian, actor, and game show host
- 1945 - Michael Martin Murphey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1945 - Walter Parazaider, American saxophonist
- 1946 - Wes Unseld, American basketball player, coach, and manager
- 1947 - Roy Budd, English pianist and composer
- 1947 - William J. Jefferson, American lawyer and politician
- 1947 - Jona Lewie, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
- 1948 - Tom Coburn, American physician and politician
- 1948 - Billy Crystal, American actor, comedian, director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1948 - Theo Jansen, Dutch sculptor
- 1950 - Rick Dees, American actor and radio host
- 1951 - Jerry Greenfield, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Ben & Jerry's
- 1953 - Nick Keir, Scottish singer-songwriter
- 1954 - Brian Smith, Australian rugby league player and coach
- 1955 - Jonathan Kaufer, American director and screenwriter
- 1956 - Indu Malhotra, Judge of the Supreme Court of India
- 1956 - Butch Wynegar, American baseball player and coach
- 1957 - Tad Williams, American author
- 1958 - Albert II, Prince of Monaco
- 1959 - Laila Robins, American actress
- 1959 - Tamara Tunie, American actress
- 1960 - Heidi Hammel, American astronomer and academic
- 1960 - Kirby Puckett, American baseball player
- 1961 - Mike Lazaridis, Greek–Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded BlackBerry Limited
- 1963 - Bruce Reid, Australian cricketer and coach
- 1964 - Chris Johns, Australian rugby league player and administrator
- 1965 - Kevin Brown, American baseball player and coach
- 1965 - Aamir Khan, Indian film actor, producer, and director
- 1965 - Billy Sherwood, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
- 1965 - Kevin Williamson, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1966 - Jonas Elmer, Danish actor, director, and screenwriter
- 1966 - Elise Neal, American actress and producer
- 1968 - Megan Follows, Canadian-American actress
- 1968 - Magnús Árni Magnússon, Icelandic politician
- 1969 - Larry Johnson, American basketball player and actor
- 1970 - Kristian Bush, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1972 - Irom Chanu Sharmila, Indian poet and activist
- 1973 - Rohit Shetty, Indian film director and producer
- 1974 - Santino Marella, Canadian wrestler
- 1974 - Patrick Traverse, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1975 - Steve Harper, English footballer and referee
- 1975 - Dmitri Markov, Belarusian-Australian pole vaulter
- 1976 - Brian Quinn, American improvisational comedian and actor
- 1976 - Phil Vickery, English rugby player and sportscaster
- 1977 - Vadims Fjodorovs, Latvian footballer and coach
- 1977 - Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer
- 1977 - Jeremy Paul, New Zealand-Australian rugby player
- 1978 - Pieter van den Hoogenband, Dutch swimmer
- 1979 - Nicolas Anelka, French footballer and manager
- 1979 - Dan Avidan, American musician and internet personality
- 1979 - Chris Klein, American actor
- 1979 - Sead Ramović, German-Bosnian footballer
- 1980 - Aaron Brown, English footballer and coach
- 1980 - Ben Herring, New Zealand rugby player and coach
- 1981 - Bobby Jenks, American baseball player
- 1981 - George Wilson, American football player
- 1982 - Carlos Marinelli, Argentine footballer
- 1982 - François Sterchele, Belgian footballer
- 1983 - Bakhtiyar Artayev, Kazakh boxer
- 1986 - Elton Chigumbura, Zimbabwean cricketer
- 1986 - Jessica Gallagher, Australian skier and cyclist
- 1986 - Andy Taylor, English footballer
- 1988 - Stephen Curry, American basketball player
- 1988 - Rico Freimuth, German decathlete
- 1989 - Marwin González, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1989 - Kevin Lacroix, Canadian race car driver
- 1989 - Patrick Patterson, American basketball player
- 1990 - Joe Allen, Welsh footballer
- 1990 - Tamás Kádár, Hungarian footballer
- 1990 - Haru Kuroki, Japanese actress
- 1990 - Kolbeinn Sigþórsson, Icelandic footballer
- 1991 - Emir Bekrić, Serbian hurdler
- 1992 - Shotzi Blackheart, American wrestler
- 1992 - Erik Gustafsson, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1993 - Anthony Bennett, Canadian basketball player
- 1993 - J. T. Miller, American ice hockey player
- 1994 - Ansel Elgort, American actor and DJ
- 1995 - Brandon Aubrey, American multi-sport athlete
- 1995 - Nick Eh 30, Canadian live streamer and professional gamer
- 1996 - Batuhan Altıntaş, Turkish footballer
- 1997 - Simone Biles, American gymnast
- 1998 - Tyson Jost, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1999 - Marvin Bagley III, American basketball player
- 2000 - Chrisean Rock, American rapper and reality television personality
- 2000 - Jihoon, South Korean singer
- 2001 - Nico Mannion, Italian-American basketball player
- 2008 - Abby Ryder Fortson, American actress
Deaths
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1647 - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
- 1648 - Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English general and politician
- 1696 - Jean Domat, French lawyer and jurist
- 1698 - Claes Rålamb, Swedish statesman
- 1748 - George Wade, Irish field marshal and politician
- 1757 - John Byng, British admiral and politician, 11th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland
- 1791 - Johann Salomo Semler, German historian and critic
- 1803 - Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German poet
- 1811 - Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain
- 1823 - Charles François Dumouriez, French general and politician, French Minister of War
- 1860 - Carl Ritter von Ghega, Italian engineer, designed the Semmering railway
- 1877 - Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentinian general and politician, 17th Governor of Buenos Aires Province
- 1883 - Karl Marx, German philosopher and theorist
- 1884 - Quintino Sella, Italian economist and politician, Italian Minister of Finances
1901–present
- 1921 - Bernard Ryan executed Irish republican
- 1923 - Charlie Daly and three other Irish Republicans are executed by Irish Free State forces
- 1930 - A. A. Kannisto, Finnish politician
- 1932 - George Eastman, American inventor and businessman, founded Eastman Kodak
- 1932 - Frederick Jackson Turner, American historian
- 1937 - Lars Edvard Phragmén, Swedish mathematician
- 1941 - C. R. M. F. Cruttwell, English historian
- 1953 - Klement Gottwald, Czechoslovak Communist politician and 14th President of Czechoslovakia
- 1957 - Evagoras Pallikarides, Cypriot activist
- 1965 - Marion Jones Farquhar, American tennis player
- 1968 - Erwin Panofsky, German historian and academic
- 1969 - Ben Shahn, Lithuanian-American painter, illustrator, and educator
- 1973 - Howard H. Aiken, American computer scientist and engineer
- 1973 - Chic Young, American cartoonist
- 1975 - Susan Hayward, American actress
- 1976 - Busby Berkeley, American director and choreographer
- 1977 - Fannie Lou Hamer, American activist and philanthropist
- 1979 - Frank McEncroe, Australian businessman
- 1980 - Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Indonesia
- 1980 - Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist
- 1984 - Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet
- 1989 - Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary
- 1991 - Howard Ashman, American playwright and composer
- 1994 - Sheila Humphreys, Irish Republican, political activist and Hunger Striker
- 1995 - William Alfred Fowler, American physicist and astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1997 - Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-American director and producer
- 1999 - Kirk Alyn, American actor
- 1999 - John Broome, American author
- 2003 - Jack Goldstein, Canadian-American painter
- 2003 - Jean-Luc Lagardère, French engineer and businessman
- 2006 - Lennart Meri, Estonian director and politician, 2nd President of Estonia
- 2007 - Lucie Aubrac, French educator and activist
- 2008 - Chiara Lubich, Italian activist, co-founded the Focolare Movement
- 2010 - Peter Graves, American actor
- 2012 - Pierre Schoendoerffer, French director and screenwriter
- 2012 - Ċensu Tabone, Maltese general and politician, 4th President of Malta
- 2013 - Jack Greene, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 2013 - Aramais Sahakyan, Armenian poet and author
- 2013 - Ieng Sary, Vietnamese-Cambodian politician, Cambodian Minister for Foreign Affairs
- 2014 - Tony Benn, English politician, Postmaster General of the United Kingdom
- 2014 - Meir Har-Zion, Israeli commander
- 2016 - John W. Cahn, German-American metallurgist and academic
- 2016 - Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer and conductor
- 2016 - Suranimala Rajapaksha, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician
- 2018 - Jim Bowen, English stand-up comedian and TV personality
- 2018 - Marielle Franco, Brazilian politician and human rights activist
- 2018 - Stephen Hawking, English physicist and author
- 2018 - Liam O'Flynn, Irish uileann piper
- 2019 - Jake Phelps, American skateboarder and Thrasher editor-in-chief
- 2019 - Charlie Whiting, British motorsport director
- 2019 - Haig Young, Canadian politician
- 2022 - Scott Hall, American wrestler
- 2025 - Alan Simpson, United States senator from Wyoming
Holidays and observances