1914

This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line.

Events

January

January 1 - The St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line in the United States starts services between St. Petersburg and Tampa, Florida, becoming the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with Tony Jannus conveying passengers in a Benoist XIV flying boat. Abram C. Pheil, mayor of St. Petersburg, is the first airline passenger, and over 3,000 people witness the first departure.
January 11
*The Sakurajima volcano in Japan begins to erupt, becoming effusive after a very large earthquake on January 13. The lava flow causes the island which it forms to be linked to the Ōsumi Peninsula.
* The Karluk, flagship of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, sinks after being crushed by ice.
January 29 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia dismisses his 4th Prime Minister, Vladimir Kokovtsov due to his "lack of control over the press", he is succeeded by Ivan Goremykin for his second term

February

February 8 - The football team">Association football">football team has its first victory, beating France 5–4 in a friendly match, for the first and only time in football history.
February 12 - In Washington, D.C., the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.
February 13 - Copyright: In New York City, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers is established, to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.
February 17 - Karl Staaff steps down as Prime Minister of Sweden in the aftermath of the Courtyard Crisis. He is replaced by Hjalmar Hammarskjöld, father of Dag Hammarskjöld.
February 26 - The ocean liner that will become HMHS Britannic, sister to the, is launched at the Harland and Wolff shipyards in Belfast.
February 28 - The Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus is proclaimed by ethnic Greeks, in Northern Epirus.

March

March 7 - Prince William of Wied arrives in Albania, to begin his reign.
March 10 - Suffragette Mary Richardson damages Velázquez's painting Rokeby Venus in London's National Gallery, with a meat chopper.
March 17 - Green beer is invented by Thomas H. Curtin, and displayed at the Schnorrer Club of Morrisania in the Bronx, New York.
March 20
* Curragh incident: British Army officers stationed in Ireland at the Curragh Camp resign their commissions rather than be ordered to resist action by Unionist Ulster Volunteers if the Government of [Ireland Act 1914|Government of Ireland Act] is passed in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The government backs down and they are reinstated.
* Film Tess of the Storm Country is released, propelling its star Mary Pickford to new levels of fame, marking the rise of the modern celebrity.
March 27 - Belgian surgeon Albert Hustin makes the first successful non-direct blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.
March 29 - Katherine Routledge and her husband arrive on Easter Island, to make the first true study of it.

April

April 4-September 27 - Komagata Maru incident: The sails from India to Canada. Canadian regulations, designed to exclude Asian immigrants, prevent the boat from docking in Vancouver, and it is forced to return to Calcutta with all its passengers.
April 9 - Tampico Affair: A misunderstanding involving United States Navy sailors in Mexico and army troops loyal to Mexican dictator Victoriano Huerta leads to a breakdown in diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico.
April 11 - Canadian Margaret C. MacDonald is appointed Matron-in-Chief of the Canadian Nursing service band, and becomes the first woman in the British Empire to reach the rank of major.
April 14-18 - The first International Criminal Police Congress is held in Monaco; 24 countries are represented, including some from Asia, Europe, and the Americas; the Dean of the Paris Law School is president.
April 20
* Colorado Coalfield War: Ludlow Massacre - The Colorado National Guard attacks a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners in Ludlow, Colorado, killing 21 people.
* President Woodrow Wilson asks the United States Congress to use military force in Mexico, in reaction to the Tampico Affair.
April 21 - United States occupation of Veracruz: 2,300 U.S. Navy sailors and Marines from the South Atlantic fleet land in the port city of Veracruz, Mexico, which they will occupy for over six months. The Ypiranga incident occurs when they attempt to enforce an arms embargo against Mexico by preventing the German cargo steamer from unloading arms for the Mexican government in the port.
April 22 - Mexico ends diplomatic relations with the United States for the time being.
April 23
* The Afrikaans language receives official recognition, when Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven addresses the English caucus of the Cape Provincial Council.
* MLB Chicago Federals host the Kansas City Packers in the first baseball game played at Weeghman Park.
April 24–25 - Larne Gun Running: 35,000 rifles and over 3 million rounds of ammunition from a German dealer are landed at Larne, Bangor and Donaghadee in Ulster for the Unionist Ulster Volunteers.

May

May 1-November 1 - The Exposition Internationale is held at Lyon, France.
May 5–October 11 - The Jubilee Exhibition is held at Kristiania, Norway, to mark the centennial of the country's constitution.
May 8 - Paramount Pictures is created by W. W. Hodkinson as a national film distributor in the United States.
May 9 - J. T. Hearne in England becomes the first bowler to take 3,000 first-class wickets.
May 17 - The Protocol of Corfu provides for the provinces of Korçë and Gjirokastër, constituting Northern Epirus, to be granted autonomy under the nominal sovereignty of Albania.
May 25 - The Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Commons of the United Kingdom passes the Government of Ireland Act 1914, the "Irish Home Rule Bill".
May 29 - Ocean liner sinks in the Gulf of St. Lawrence following a collision; 1,012 lives are lost.
May 30 - Ocean liner makes her maiden voyage.

June

c. June - Blaise Diagne of Senegal becomes the first Black African representative in the French Parliament.
June 1 - Woodrow Wilson's envoy, Edward Mandell House, meets with Kaiser Wilhelm II.
June 8 - The Brazilian Football Confederation is founded, with Álvaro Zamith as its first president. The Brazilian Olympic Committee is founded on the same day.
June 9 - Pittsburgh Pirate Honus Wagner becomes the first baseball player in the twentieth century with 3,000 career hits.
June 12–18 - Greek genocide: Ottoman Greeks in Phocaea are massacred by Ottoman Empire|Turkish irregular troops].
June 18 - Mexican Revolution: The Constitutionals take San Luis Potosí; Venustiano Carranza demands Victoriano Huerta's surrender.
June 23 - After it had been closed so that it could be deepened, the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kanal is reopened by the Kaiser; the British Fleet under Sir George Warrender visits; the Kaiser inspects the Dreadnought HMS King [George V (1911)|HMS King George V].
June 24 - In Manchester, New Hampshire, a downtown fire causes $400,000 worth of damage and injures 19 firemen.

Image:Ferdinand Behr arrested in Sarajevo 1914.jpg|right|thumb|200px|This picture of the arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo is usually associated with the arrest of Gavrilo Princip, although some believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander.

June 28 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria: Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip, 19, assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Duchess Sophie, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, triggering the July Crisis overnight and eventually World War I. Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo and Zagreb break out.
June 29
* The Secretary of the Austro-Hungarian Legation at Belgrade sends a dispatch to Vienna, suggesting Serbian complicity in the crime of Sarajevo. Anti-Serb riots continue throughout Bosnia.
* Khioniya Guseva attempts and fails to assassinate Grigori Rasputin at his hometown in Siberia.
* The International Exhibition opens at the "White City", Ashton Gate, Bristol, England, U.K. It closes on August 15, and the site is used as a military depot.
June 30 - Among those addressing the Parliament of the United Kingdom on the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand are Lords Crewe and Lansdowne in the House of Lords, and Messrs Asquith and Law in the Commons.

July

July 1 - The Royal Naval Air Service, a forerunner of the Royal Air Force, is established in the United Kingdom.
July 2 - The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the funeral of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
July 4
* The funeral of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria takes place at Artstetten Castle, 50 miles west of Vienna, Austria-Hungary.
* Lexington Avenue bombing: Four people are killed in New York City when an anarchist bomb intended to kill John D. Rockefeller explodes prematurely, in the conspirator's apartment.
July 5 - A council is held at Potsdam: powerful leaders within Austria-Hungary and Germany meet to discuss the possibilities of war with Serbia, Russia and France.
July 7 - Austria-Hungary convenes a Council of Ministers, including Ministers for Foreign Affairs and War, the Chief of the General Staff, and Naval Commander-in-Chief; the Council lasts from 11:30 am until 6:15 pm.
July 9 - The Emperor of Austria-Hungary receives the report of the Austro-Hungarian investigation into the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria at Sarajevo. The Times of London publishes an account of the Austro-Hungarian press campaign against the Serbians.
July 10 - Nicholas Hartwig, Russian Minister to Serbia, dies of a heart attack while visiting Austrian minister Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen at the Austrian Legation in Belgrade.
July 11
* Baseball legend Babe Ruth makes his major league debut, with the Boston Red Sox.
*, the United States Navy's first "super-dreadnought" battleship, is launched.
* Over 5,000 people attend a rally in Union Square, Manhattan, called by the Anti-Militarist League to commemorate the anarchists killed in the July 4th Lexington Avenue bombing.
July 13 - Reports surface of a projected Serbian attack upon the Austro-Hungarian Legation at Belgrade.
July 14 - The Government of Ireland Bill completes its passage through the House of Lords in the U.K. It allows Ulster counties to vote on whether or not they wish to participate in Home Rule from Dublin. Because of the outbreak of war in Europe and later developments in Ireland, the Act is never implemented in its original form.
July 15 - Mexican Revolution: Victoriano Huerta resigns from the presidency of Mexico and leaves for Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz.
July 18
* The Signal Corps of the United States Army establishes an Aviation Section, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.
* The British Fleet is reviewed at Spithead, by George V.
* Mahatma Gandhi leaves South Africa for the last time, sailing out of Cape Town for England, on board the S.S. Kinfauns Castle.
July 19 - George V summons a conference to discuss the Irish Home Rule problem. It meets from July 21-24, without reaching consensus.
July 23 - July Ultimatum: Austria-Hungary presents Serbia with an unconditional ultimatum.
July 25 - Serbia responds to the ultimatum from the 23rd accepting some but not all of Austria-Hungary's demands. In response Austria-Hungary severs diplomatic ties with Serbia and begins to mobilise its own forces. Radomir Putnik, Chief of the Serbian General Staff, is arrested in Budapest, but subsequently allowed to return to Serbia.
July 26 - Howth gun-running: former British civil servant and novelist Erskine Childers and his wife Molly sail into Howth in Ireland in his yacht and land 2,500 guns for the nationalist Irish Volunteers from a German dealer. British Army troops of the King's Own Scottish Borderers, returning to Dublin having been called out to assist police in attempting to prevent the Volunteers from moving the arms to the city, perpetrate the Bachelor's Walk massacre, firing on a crowd of protestors at Bachelors Walk, killing three; a fourth man dies later from bayonet wounds and more than 37 others are injured.
July 27 - Felix Ysagun Manalo registers the Iglesia ni Cristo with the government of the Philippines.
July 28
* The official start of World War I when Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia by telegram. Tsar Nicholas II of Russia orders a partial mobilization against Austria-Hungary.
* Henriette Caillaux, wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux, is acquitted of the murder of Gaston Calmette by reason of crime passionnel.
July 28-August 10 - World War I: Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau: British and French naval forces fail to prevent the ships of the Imperial German Navy Mediterranean Division from reaching the Dardanelles.
July 29
* World War I: Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor fires the first shots of the war, opening the bombardment of the defenses of Belgrade, Serbia's capital.
* In Massachusetts, the new Cape Cod Canal opens; it shortens the trip between New York and Boston by 66 miles, but also turns Cape Cod into an island.
July 31 - Russia orders full mobilisation.

August

August 1
* The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilisation.
* France orders general mobilisation.
* The New York Stock Exchange is closed because of the outbreak of the war in Europe, where nearly all stock exchanges are already closed.
* Marcus Garvey founds the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Jamaica.
August 2
* German troops occupy Luxembourg, in accordance with the Schlieffen Plan.
* A secret treaty between the Ottoman Empire and German Empires secures Ottoman neutrality.
* At 19:00 Germany issues a 12-hour ultimatum to neutral Belgium, to allow German passage into France.
August 3
* Germany declares war on Russia's ally, France.
* At 07:00 Belgium declines to accept Germany's ultimatum of August 2.
August 4
* World War I: German invasion of Belgium - At 08:02 Imperial German Army troops enter Belgium, bringing the July Crisis to a climax. At 23:00 the British entry into World War I takes place when King George V in London declares war on Germany for this violation of Belgian neutrality and especially to defend France. This means a declaration of war by the whole British Empire against the German Empire. The United States declares neutrality.
* World War I: Imperial German Navy Rear-Admiral Wilhelm Souchon bombards the French Algerian ports of Bône and Philippeville from battlecruiser and light cruiser.
* Ittihad Alexandria sports club is founded in Alexandria, Egypt.
August 5
* Germany declares war on Belgium.
* The Kingdom of Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary.
* The guns of Point Nepean fort at Port Phillip Heads in Victoria (Australia) fire across the bows of the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer, which is attempting to leave the Port of Melbourne in ignorance of the declaration of war, and she is detained; this is said to be the first Allied shot of the war.
* SS Königin Luise, taken over two days earlier by the Imperial German Navy as a minelayer, lays mines off the east coast of England. She is intercepted and sunk by the British Royal Navy light cruiser HMS Amphion, the first German naval loss of the war. The following day, Amphion strikes mines laid by the Königin Luise and is sunk with some loss of life, in the first British casualties of the war.
* German zeppelins drop bombs on Liège, Belgium, killing 9 civilians.
* The first electric traffic light is installed between Euclid Avenue and East 105 Street, in Cleveland, Ohio.
August 5–16 - Battle of Liège: The German Army overruns and defeats the Belgians with the first operational use of Big Bertha.
August 6 - World War I:
* Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.
* The first engagement between capital ships of the British Royal Navy and the Imperial German Navy occurs, when HMS [Bristol (1910)|HMS Bristol] pursues the in the West Indies.
August 7 – World War I:
* Battle of Mulhouse: France launches its first attack of the war, in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the province of Alsace from Germany, beginning the Battle of the Frontiers.
* British colonial troops of the British Gold Coast Regiment, entering the German West African colony of Togoland, encounter the German-led police force at a factory in Nuatja, near Lomé, and the police open fire on the patrol. Alhaji Grunshi returns fire, the first soldier in British service to fire a shot in the war.
August 8
* German colonial forces execute Martin-Paul Samba, for high treason.
* Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition sets sail on the Endurance from Britain, in an attempt to cross Antarctica.
August 9 - World War I: British Royal Navy light cruiser HMS Birmingham rams and sinks German submarine U-15 (Germany)|U-15] off Fair Isle, the first U-boat lost in action.
August 12 - World War I:
* Battle of Halen: Belgian troops defeat German cavalry, but the battle does little to delay the German invasion of Belgium.
* Formal declaration of war by the United Kingdom on Austria-Hungary.
August 13 - The Teoloyucan Treaties are signed in the State of Mexico.
August 15
* The Panama Canal is inaugurated with the passage of the.
* Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza's troops under general Álvaro Obregón enter Mexico City.
August 15-24 - World War I: Battle of Cer - Serbian troops defeat the Austro-Hungarian army, marking the first Entente victory of the War.
August 16 - World War I:
* German warships and , which reached Constantinople on August 10, are transferred to the Ottoman Navy, Goeben becoming its flagship, Yavuz Sultan Selim.
* Lake Nyasa is the scene of a brief naval battle, when Captain Edmund Rhoades, commander of the British steamship, hears that war has broken out, and he receives orders from the British high command to "sink, burn, or destroy" the German Empire's only ship on the lake, the Hermann von Wissmann, commanded by a Captain Berndt. Rhoades's crew finds the Hermann von Wissmann in a bay near "Sphinxhaven", in German East African territorial waters. Gwendolen disables the German vessel with a single cannon shot from a range of about 1,800 meters. This very brief engagement is hailed by The Times in London as the British Empire's first naval victory of World War I.
August 17–September 2 - World War I: The Battle of Tannenberg begins between German and Russian forces.
August 20
* World War I: German forces occupy Brussels.
* Pope Pius X dies.
August 22 - World War I: Battle of Rossignol - German forces decisively defeat the French.
August 23 - World War I:
* Battle of Mons: In its first major action, the British Expeditionary Force holds the German forces but then begins a month-long fighting Great Retreat to the Marne.
* Japan declares war on Germany.
August 26 - World War I:
* The Togoland Campaign ends with the German West African colony of Togoland surrendering to Britain and France.
* Battle of Río de Oro: British Royal Navy protected cruiser HMS Highflyer forces the, sailing as an auxiliary cruiser, to scuttle off northwest Africa.
August 26-27 - Battle of Le Cateau: British, French, and Belgian forces make a successful tactical retreat from the German advance.
August 26-30 - Battle of Tannenberg: The Russian Second Army is surrounded and defeated.
August 28 - Battle of Heligoland Bight: British cruisers under Admiral Beatty sink three German cruisers.
August 29-30 - The Battle of St. Quentin: French forces hold back the German advance.

September

September 1
* Saint Petersburg in Russia changes its name to Petrograd.
* The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in the Cincinnati Zoo from old age.
September 2 - World War I: The French village of Moronvilliers is occupied by the Germans.
September 3 - World War I:
* The Austro-Hungarian city and fortress of Lemberg falls to Russian troops.
* Pope Benedict XV succeeds Pope Pius X, becoming the 258th pope.
* William, Prince of Albania leaves the country after just six months, due to opposition to his rule.
September 5 - World War I:
* London Agreement: No member of the Triple Entente may seek a separate peace with the Central Powers.
* The First Battle of the Marne begins: Situated north-east of Paris, the French 6th Army under General Maunoury attacks German forces near Paris. Over 2,000,000 fight in the Allied victory. A French and British counterattack at the Marne ends the German advance on Paris.
* British Royal Navy scout cruiser HMS Pathfinder is sunk by German submarine U-21 in the Firth of Forth, the first ship ever to be sunk by a locomotive torpedo fired from a submarine.
September 6–8 - French Army troops are rushed from Paris to join the First Battle of the Marne using Renault Type AG taxicabs.
September 7 - World War I: Turkey declares war on Belgium.
September 10 - World War I: South Africa declares war on Germany.
September 11 - World War I:
* The Battle of Rawa ends in the defeat of Austro-Hungarian forces by the Russians.
* First Battle of the Masurian Lakes: A German offensive pushes the Russian First Army back across its entire front.
* Battle of Bita Paka: The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force lands on German New Guinea and secures a strategically significant wireless station, the first major Australian military engagement of the War.
September 13 - World War I:
* The conclusion of the Battle of Grand Couronné ends the Battle of the Frontiers, with the north-east segment of the Western Front stabilising.
* South African troops open hostilities in German South-West Africa, with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
September 14 - Royal Australian Navy submarine vanishes while on combat patrol near Papua New Guinea, beginning one of Australia's longest naval mysteries; the sunken vessel will not be discovered for another 103 years.
September 15 - The Maritz Rebellion of disaffected Boers against the government of the Union of South Africa begins. General Koos de la Rey, a Boer general associated with the leaders of the rebellion, is shot dead after his driver fails to stop at a police roadblock.
September 17
* World War I: The Race to the Sea, by opposing forces on the Western Front, begins.
* Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
September 21 - World War I: British Imperial police forces capture Schuckmannsburg, in the Caprivi Strip of German South-West Africa.
September 22 - World War I:
* Action of 22 September 1914: German submarine U-9 torpedoes three British Royal Navy armoured cruisers,, and, with the death of more than 1,400 men, in the North Sea.
* Bombardment of Papeete: German naval forces bombard Papeete, French Polynesia.
* German light cruiser [SMS Emden|SMS Emden] bombards Madras, the only Indian city to be attacked by the Central Powers in the War.
September 25 - World War I: The first Battle of Albert begins as part of the Race to the Sea.
September 26 - The United States Federal Trade Commission is established, by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
September 28 - World War I: The First Battle of the Aisne ends indecisively.
September 30
* World War I: British Indian Army Expeditionary Force A arrives at Marseille for service in the Ypres Salient of the Western Front.
* The Flying Squadron of America is established to promote the temperance movement.

October

October 3 - World War I: 25,000 Canadian troops depart for Europe.
October 4
* The 1914 Burdur earthquake occurs in Turkey.
* The Manifesto of the Ninety-Three is signed by prominent academics supporting the early German war effort.
October 9 - World War I: Siege of [Antwerp (1914)|Siege of Antwerp]: Antwerp falls to German troops.
October 14 - World War I: The Canadian Expeditionary Force arrives on 32 ocean liners in Plymouth Sound.
October 16-31 - World War I: Battle of the Yser: The Belgian army halts the German advance, but with heavy losses.
October 19 - World War I:
* The First Battle of Ypres begins.
* The Race to the Sea effectively ends, with the Western Front reaching the Belgian coast.
October 27 - World War I:
* British super-dreadnought battleship is sunk off Tory Island, north-west of Ireland, by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.
* The Greek army occupies Northern Epirus with the approval of the Allies.
October 28 - World War I:
* Battle of Penang, Malaya: German cruiser Emden sinks a Russian cruiser and French destroyer, before escaping.
* Participants in the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria are sentenced at Sarajevo. Gavrilo Princip, being under 20 years of age at the time of the assassination, cannot be given the death penalty, and is given a 20-year prison sentence instead.
October 29 - World War I: Ottoman warships shell Russian Black Sea ports; Russia, France and Britain declare war on the Ottoman Empire, November 1-5.
October 31 - World War I: Battle of the Vistula River concludes in a Russian victory over German and Austro-Hungarian forces around Warsaw.

November

November 1 - World War I: Battle of Coronel - A British Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock is met in the eastern Pacific and defeated by superior German forces led by Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee in the first British naval defeat of the war, resulting in the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth.
November 5 - World War I:
* United [Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain] and France declare war on the Ottoman Empire. The United Kingdom annexes Cyprus, which it controls until the island's declaration of independence in 1960.
* The Battle of Tanga ends, with the British Indian Expeditionary Force B failing to capture German East Africa defences.
* Alpha Phi Delta is founded as a social fraternity at Syracuse University in the United States.
November 7 - Siege of Tsingtao: The Japanese and British seize Jiaozhou Bay in China, the base of the German East Asia Squadron.
November 9 - World War I: Battle of Cocos - The German cruiser Emden, the last active warship of the Central Powers in the Indian Ocean, is sunk by the Australian cruiser Sydney (1912)|Sydney].
November 11 - With the 1914 Ottoman jihad proclamation, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed V proclaimed holy war.
November 13 - Zaian War: Battle of El Herri - Zayanes in Morocco overpower French forces.
November 14 - The Joensuu Town Hall, designed by Eliel Saarinen, is inaugurated in Joensuu, Finland.
November 16 - A year after being created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.
November 21 - In New Haven, Connecticut, the new Yale Bowl officially opens; Harvard defeats Yale 36–0 in the first American football game held here.
November 23 - Mexican Revolution: The last U.S. forces withdraw from Veracruz, occupied seven months earlier in response to the Tampico Affair; Venustiano Carranza's troops take over, and Carranza makes the town his headquarters.
November 24 - Benito Mussolini is expelled from the Italian Socialist Party.
November 28 - World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.

December

December 2 - Serbian Campaign (World War I): Austro-Hungarian forces occupy Belgrade, Serbia.
December 5 – The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition begins its attempt to make the first land crossing of Antarctica.
December 8 - World War I: Battle of the Falkland Islands: A superior British Royal Navy squadron under Doveton Sturdee defeats ships of the Imperial German Navy under Maximilian von Spee.
December 12 - The New York Stock Exchange re-opens fully, having been closed since August 1, except for bond trading.
December 15 - Hōjō Coal Mine Disaster: A gas explosion at the Mitsubishi Hōjō mine in Kyūshū, Japan, kills 687 people.
December 16 - World War I: Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby: Imperial German Navy battlecruisers bombard British North Sea ports, resulting in 137 deaths, mostly civilians.
December 17 - United States President Woodrow Wilson signs the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act. This begins the ongoing international war on drugs.
December 18 - Egypt becomes a British protectorate.
December 19
* Serbian Campaign (World War I): The Battle of Kolubara ends, resulting in a decisive Serbian victory over Austria-Hungary.
* Mohandas Gandhi leaves England, sailing for India on this date. He begins to learn the Bengali language whilst on board.
December 20 - Tokyo Station officially opens in Japan, replacing Shinbashi Station as Tokyo's main terminal.
December 24 - World War I: An unofficial and temporary Christmas truce begins between British and German soldiers on the Western Front.
December 25 - World War I: Cuxhaven Raid: British aircraft launched from warships attack the German port of Cuxhaven with submarine support, although little damage is caused.

Date unknown

The capital of the Guangxi Province of China is moved from Guilin to Nanning.
Oxymorphone, a powerful narcotic analgesic closely related to morphine, is first developed in Germany.
The first everyday items made of stainless steel come into public circulation.
The Port of Orange, Texas, is dredged for the fabrication of vessels for the United States Navy.
Phi Sigma, a local undergraduate classical club, is founded by a group of students in the Greek Department at the University of Chicago.
Watchmaker Glycine Watch SA is founded by Eugène Meylan in Switzerland.
Fashion and perfumes company Puig is founded in Barcelona.
Woodman's of Essex, the famous family-owned clam shack on Boston's North Shore, is opened.

Births

January

January 1
* Noor Inayat Khan, World War II heroine
* Anita Mackey, American social worker
January 4 - Jean-Pierre Vernant, French historian and anthropologist
January 5 - George Reeves, American actor
January 9 - Kenny Clarke, American jazz drummer and bandleader
January 10 - Yu Kuo-hwa, Chinese politician, 23rd Premier of the Republic of China
January 14
* Magda Fedor, Hungarian sports shooter
* Harold Russell, Canadian actor
January 15 - Hugh Trevor-Roper, English historian
January 18 - Arno Schmidt, German author
January 26 - Princess Hadice Hayriye Ayshe Dürrühsehvar
January 30 - John Ireland, Canadian-born actor
January 31 - Jersey Joe Walcott, American boxer

February

February 3
* Mary Carlisle, American actress, singer and dancer
* George Nissen, American gymnast, inventor of the trampoline
February 4 - Alfred Andersch, German writer
February 5
* William S. Burroughs, American author
* Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
February 6
* Silvius Magnago, Italian politician
* Roza Papo, Yugoslav physician and general
February 10 - Larry Adler, American musician
February 12 - Lazar Koliševski, Yugoslav communist political leader
February 15 - Kevin McCarthy, American actor
February 17 - Arthur Kennedy, American actor
February 18 - Mahmoud Zulfikar, Egyptian film director
February 19 - Jacques Dufilho, French comedian, actor
February 22
* Renato Dulbecco, Italian-born virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* Liu Chi-Sheng, Chinese pilot that fought in WWII, the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War
February 23 - Theofiel Middelkamp, Dutch cyclist
February 26 - Robert Alda, American-born actor, father of actor Alan Alda

March

March 1 - Ralph Ellison, American writer
March 2
* Hansi Knoteck, Austrian actress
* Martin Ritt, American director
March 3
* Julio Franco Arango, Colombian Roman Catholic bishop
* Asger Jorn, Danish painter
March 4 - Ward Kimball, American cartoonist
March 6 - Kirill Kondrashin, Russian conductor
March 8 - Yakov Zeldovich, Russian physicist
March 13 - Saroj Dutta, Indian communist leader
March 14 - Frederick Samuel Modise, Leader of IPHC
March 17 - Juan Carlos Onganía, 35th President of Argentina
March 19 - Jiang Qing, Chinese politician
March 20 - Victor Matthys, Belgian politician and Nazi collaborator
March 21 - Paul Tortelier, French cellist and composer
March 23 - Wendell Smith, African American sportswriter
March 25 - Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize">Peace Prize
March 26 - William Westmoreland, American Vietnam War general
March 28 - Edmund Muskie, American politician
March 30 - Sonny Boy Williamson I, American musician
March 31 - Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat, writer, and Nobel Prize laureate

April

April 2
* Alec Guinness, English actor
* Hans Wegner, Danish furniture designer
April 3 - Sam Manekshaw, Field Marshal of the Indian Army
April 4
* David W. Goodall, Australian botanist and ecologist
* Marguerite Duras, French author, director
April 8 - María Félix, Mexican actress
April 11
* Norman McLaren, Scots-born Canadian animator and director
* Robert Stanfield, Premier of Nova Scotia
April 12
* Armen Alchian, American economist
* Adriaan Blaauw, Dutch astronomer
* Gretel Bergmann, German-Jewish athlete
* Jan van Cauwelaert, Belgian bishop
April 13 - Orhan Veli, Turkish poet
April 18 - Claire Martin, Canadian author
April 22
* Baldev Raj Chopra, Indian film director
* Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer
* Michael Wittmann, German tank commander
April 24 - Jan Karski, Polish World War II resistance movement fighter
April 25 – Marcos Pérez Jiménez, 51st President of Venezuela
April 26
* Bernard Malamud, American author
* Lilian Rolfe, French-born World War II heroine
April 28 – Yakov Novichenko, Soviet military officer
April 30 - Dorival Caymmi, Brazilian songwriter

May

May 5 - Tyrone Power, American actor
May 7 - Ye Fei, Filipino-Chinese general and politician
May 8 - Romain Gary, Russian-born writer, diplomat
May 9
* Carlo Maria Giulini, conductor
* Hank Snow, Canadian country musician
May 12 - Bertus Aafjes, Dutch poet
May 13 - Joe Louis, African-American boxer
May 14
* Teodor Oizerman, Soviet and Russian philosopher and academician
* Corneliu Coposu, Romanian politician
* Hideko Maehata, Japanese swimmer
May 16 - Edward T. Hall, American anthropologist
May 18
* Georg von Tiesenhausen, German-American rocket scientist
* Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer
* Pierre Balmain, French fashion designer
May 19
* Max Perutz, Austrian-born molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* Alex Shibicky, Canadian hockey player
May 20 - Avraham Shapira, head of the Rabbinical court of Jerusalem and the Supreme Rabbinic Court; rosh yeshiva of Mercaz HaRav
May 22
* Vance Packard, American social critic and author
* Sun Ra, American musician
May 24
* Lilli Palmer, German actress
* George Tabori, Hungarian writer and director
May 26 - Dulce de Souza Lopes Pontes, Brazilian religious sister

June

June 6 - Zhang Jingfu, Chinese politician
June 10 - Joseph DePietro, American weightlifter
June 12 - Go Seigen, Japanese Go player
June 14
*Gisèle Casadesus, French actress
*Ruthven Todd, Scottish poet, artist and novelist
June 15
* Yuri Andropov, Soviet leader
* Saul Steinberg, Romanian-born American cartoonist
June 18 - E. G. Marshall, American actor
June 20 - Muazzez İlmiye Çığ, Turkish archaeologist
June 21 - William Vickrey, Canadian economist, Nobel Prize laureate
June 22 - Mei Zhi, Chinese children's author, essayist
June 23 - Juán Landolfi, Argentine-Italian football player
June 25 - Luz Magsaysay, 7th First Lady of the Philippines
June 26
* Laurie Lee, English author
* Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and teacher
* Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark
June 27 - Margaret Ekpo, Nigerian women's rights activist, social mobilizer and politician
June 29 - Rafael Kubelík, Czech conductor
June 30 - Francisco da Costa Gomes, 15th President of Portugal

July

July 1 – Christl Cranz, German alpine skier
July 2 – Erich Topp, German commander
July 5 – Yitzhak Rafael, Israeli politician
July 6
* Otto Bumbel, Brazilian professional football manager
* Vincent J. McMahon, American professional wrestling promoter
July 8
* Jyoti Basu, Indian politician
* Billy Eckstine, American jazz musician and singer
July 9 – Willi Stoph, Prime Minister and Chairman of the Council of State of the GDR
July 10
* Joe Shuster, Canadian-born comic book author
* Rempo Urip, Indonesian director
July 11
* Mohammad Al-Abbasi, Prime Minister of Jordan
* Aníbal Troilo, Argentine tango musician
July 13
* Cyril Stevenson, Bahamian politician and newspaper publisher
* Trevor Berghan, New Zealand rugby union player
July 15
* Birabongse Bhanudej, Siamese prince, racing driver, sailor and pilot
* Akhtar Hameed Khan, Indian-born pioneer of microcredit in developing countries
July 16 – Herbert Nürnberg, German boxer
July 17 – Klári Tolnay, Hungarian actress
July 18
* Gino Bartali, Italian road cyclist
* Jo Cals, Dutch politician and jurist, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
July 19
* César Povolny, German-French association footballer
* Hans Maršálek, Austrian typesetter, political activist, detective and historian
* John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian World War II hero
July 20
* Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian ascetic and philanthropist
* Charilaos Florakis, Greek Communist leader
* Ersilio Tonini, Italian Cardinal
July 21
* Pan Jin-yu, last remaining speaker of the Pazeh language of Taiwan
* Suso Cecchi d'Amico, Italian screenwriter and actress
July 22 – Charles Régnier, German actor, director, radio actor and translator
July 24
* Frances Oldham Kelsey, American Food and Drug Administration reviewer
* Ed Mirvish, Canadian businessman and philanthropist
July 27 – Gusti Huber, Austrian actress
July 30 – Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin, Irish president of the International Olympic Committee
July 31 – Louis de Funès, French comedy actor

August

August 2 – Beatrice Straight, American actress
August 8 - Yabing Masalon Dulo, Filipino textile master weaver and dyer
August 9
* Ferenc Fricsay, Hungarian conductor
* Tove Jansson, Finnish author
August 10 – Ken Annakin, British film director
August 15 – Paul Rand, American graphic designer
August 17 – Gabrielle Weidner, Belgian World War II heroine
August 19
* Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury, French politician, 95th Prime Minister of France
* Margaret Morgan Lawrence, American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
August 26 – Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer
August 30 – Julie Bishop, American actress

September

September 1 – Tsuneko Sasamoto, Japanese photographer
September 5
* Sor Isolina Ferré, Puerto Rican Roman Catholic nun
* Gail Kubik, American composer
* Nicanor Parra, Chilean poet
September 7 – James Van Allen, American physicist
September 10
* Terence O'Neill, 4th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
* Robert Wise, American film director and producer
September 11 – Serbian Patriarch Pavle,
September 12
* Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh actor
* Janusz Żurakowski, Polish-born pilot
September 14 – Clayton Moore, American actor
September 15
* Creighton Abrams, U.S. Vietnam War general
* Subandrio, Indonesian politician
* Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentine writer
* Jens Otto Krag, Danish politician, 18th Prime Minister of Denmark
September 17 – Lambert Mascarenhas, Indian journalist
September 18
* Jack Cardiff, British cinematographer, director and photographer
September 20 – Kenneth More, English actor
September 23 – Omar Ali Saifuddien III, Sultan of Brunei
September 24 – John Kerr, 18th Governor-General of Australia
September 25 – Elena Lucena, Argentine film actress
September 26 – Jack LaLanne, American fitness, exercise and nutritional expert
September 27 – Sophie Sooäär, Estonian actress and singer

October

October 1 – Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer and Librarian of Congress
October 6 – Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian explorer
October 7 – Begum Akhtar, Indian singer
October 9 – Guy Charmot, French resistance fighter and doctor
October 10 – Agostino Straulino, Italian sailor and sailboat racer
October 14 – Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
October 15 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan
October 17 – Jerry Siegel, American comic book author
October 19 – Juanita Moore, African-American actress
October 20 – James C. Floyd, Canadian aerospace engineer
October 21 – Martin Gardner, American writer
October 24 – František Čapek, Czech canoeist
October 25 – John Berryman, American poet
October 26 – Jackie Coogan, American actor
October 27 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author
October 28
* Jonas Salk, American medical scientist
* Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
October 30 – Leabua Jonathan, 2nd Prime Minister of Lesotho

November

November 1 – Moshe Teitelbaum, Hassidic rabbi
November 2 – Ray Walston, American actor
November 8
* George Dantzig, Polish-born American mathematician
* Norman Lloyd, American actor, producer and director
* Eileen Kramer, Australian dancer, artist, performer and choreographer
November 9 – Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress
November 11
* Howard Fast, American novelist and television writer
* Yue Yiqin, Chinese flying ace
November 13
* Alberto Lattuada, Italian film director
* Amelia Bence, Argentine actress
November 18 – William Phillips, New Zealand economist
November 21 – Abd al-Karim Qasim, Iraqi general, 24th Prime Minister of Iraq
November 25 – Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player

December

December 9 – Frances Reid, American actress
December 10 – Dorothy Lamour, American actress and singer
December 11 – Gabriel Chiramel, Indian priest, zoologist and author
December 12 – Patrick O'Brian, British novelist
December 13 – Larry Parks, American actor
December 14
*Karl Carstens, German president
*Frane Milčinski, Slovene poet, satirist, comedian, actor, children's writer and director
*Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichordist
December 15 – Anatole Abragam, French physicist
December 20 – Charles McKimson, American animator
December 21 – Frank Fenner, Australian virologist and microbiologist
December 24 – Zoya Bulgakova, Russian Soviet stage actress
December 26 – Richard Widmark, American actor
December 28 – Bidia Dandaron, Buddhist author and teacher in the USSR

Date unknown

Makhosini Dlamini, 1st Prime Minister of Swaziland

Deaths

January

January 8 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, American soldier and politician, 30th governor of Kentucky
January 10 – Leonie Aviat, French Roman Catholic religious sister and saint
January 11 – Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer and patron of the arts
January 15 – Camilo Garcia de Polavieja, Spanish general
January 16 – Itō Sukeyuki, Japanese admiral
January 17 – Fernand Foureau, French explorer
January 19
* Candelaria Figueredo, Cuban patriot
* Georges Picquart, French general and politician
January 26 – Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero, Argentine Roman Catholic priest and saint

February

February 1 – Albert Günther, German-born British zoologist
February 4 – Per Pålsson, Swedish criminal
February 13 – Alphonse Bertillon, French police officer and forensic scientist
February 20 – Federico Degetau, Puerto Rican politician
February 24 – Joshua Chamberlain, American Civil War general
February 25 – Sir John Tenniel, English illustrator

March

March 1
* Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, British aristocrat and politician, 2-time Governor-General of Canada
* Carlos Felipe Morales, Dominican Roman Catholic priest, politician and military figure, 30th President of the Dominican Republic
March 9 – José Luciano de Castro, Portuguese politician, 3-time Prime Minister of Portugal
March 12 – George Westinghouse, American entrepreneur
March 13
* Hakeem Noor-ud-Din, Indian Muslim scholar
* María Tubau, Spanish actress
March 16
* Gaston Calmette, French journalist, editor of Le Figaro
* Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
March 18 – Andreas Beck, Norwegian explorer
March 19 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist
March 22 – Allen Caperton Braxton, American lawyer
March 23 – Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès, Lebanese Maronite, Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic nun and saint
March 25 – Frédéric Mistral, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate
March 31 – Christian Morgenstern, German poet and writer

April

April 1 – Rube Waddell, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer
April 2 – Paul Heyse, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate
April 7
* Mohammad Ayyub Khan, Emir of Afghanistan
* Sui Sin Far, English-born writer
April 9 – Empress Shōken, consort of Emperor Meiji of Japan
April 11 – Elena Guerra, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed
April 15 – Count Frederick of Hohenau
April 16
* George William Hill, American astronomer and mathematician
* Jacinta Parejo, Venezuelan public figure, First Lady of Venezuela
April 19 – Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher
April 24 – Benedict Menni, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint
April 25 – Géza Fejérváry, 16th Prime Minister of Hungary
April 26 – Eduard Suess, Austrian geologist
April 28 – Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem, French botanist

May

May 2 – John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, husband of Princess Louise of the United Kingdom
May 3 – Élisabeth Leseur, French Roman Catholic mystic and servant of God
May 8 – Seth Edulji Dinshaw, Indian Parsi philanthropist
May 9 – C. W. Post, American cereal manufacturer
May 10 – Lillian Nordica, American opera singer
May 12 – Eugenio Montero Ríos, 29th Prime Minister of Spain
May 15 – Ida Freund, Austrian-born British chemist and educator
May 23 – William O'Connell Bradley, American politician from Kentucky
May 26 – Jacob Riis, Danish-American social reformer
May 27 – Sir Joseph Swan, British scientist
May 29 – Joseph Gérard, French Roman Catholic priest and blessed

December

December 1 – Alfred Thayer Mahan, United States Navy admiral, geostrategist and historian
December 8 – Maximilian von Spee, German admiral
December 14 – Giovanni Sgambati, Italian pianist and composer
December 16 – Ivan Zajc, Croatian composer
December 24 – John Muir, American naturalist

1914

Events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Births

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Deaths

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Nobel Prizes

Primary sources and year books